The Pilgrimage of Grace - Protesting Henry VIII

The Pilgrimage of Grace was an uprising, or rather several uprisings, that took place in the north of England between 1536 and 1537. The people rose against what they saw as the heretical and tyrannical rule of Henry VIII and his chief minister Thomas Cromwell. Tens of thousands of people in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire were involved in the uprising, making the Pilgrimage one of the most unsettling crises of Henrys most unsettled reign. Key Takeaways: The Pilgrimage of Grace The Pilgrimage of Grace (1536–1537) was an uprising of tens of thousands of people, clergy and conservatives, against King Henry VIII.  They sought the reduction of taxes, the re-establishment of the Catholic church and the pope as the religious leader in England, and the replacement of Henrys main advisors.  None of their demands were met, and over 200 of the rebels were executed.  Scholars believe the rebellion failed for lack of leadership and conflicts between the demands of the poor versus those of the gentry. The insurgents crossed class lines, uniting commoners, gentlemen, and lords together for a few brief moments to protest social, economic, and political changes they observed. They believed the issues resulted from Henrys naming himself the Supreme Head of the Church and Clergy of England. Historians today recognize the Pilgrimage as growing out of the end of feudalism and the birth of the modern era. Religious, Political, and Economic Climate in England How the country came to such a dangerous place started with King Henrys romantic entanglements and search to secure an heir. After 24 years of being a jovial, married and Catholic king, Henry divorced his first wife Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn in January of 1533, shocking Catherines supporters. Worse, he also officially divorced himself from the Catholic church in Rome and made himself head of a new church in England. In March of 1536, he began to dissolve the monasteries, forcing the religious clergy to give over their lands, buildings and religious objects. On May 19, 1536, Anne Boleyn was executed, and on May 30th, Henry married his third wife Jane Seymour. The English parliament—deftly manipulated by Cromwell—had met on June 8th to declare his daughters Mary and Elizabeth illegitimate, settling the crown on Janes heirs. If Jane had no heirs, Henry could pick his own heir. Henry did have an acknowledged illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy,1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset (1519–1536), from his mistress, Elizabeth Blount, but he died on July 23rd, and it became clear to Henry that if he wanted a blood heir, he would have to acknowledge Mary or face the fact that one of Henrys great rivals, the King of Scotland James V, was going to be his heir. But in May of 1536, Henry was married, and legitimately—Catherine died in January of that year—and if he had acknowledged Mary, beheaded the hated Cromwell, burnt the heretic bishops that allied themselves with Cromwell, and reconciled himself with Pope Paul III, then the pope would have most likely recognized Jane Seymour as his wife and her children as legitimate heirs. That is essentially what the insurgents wanted. The truth was, even if hed been willing to do all that, Henry couldnt afford it. Henrys Fiscal Issues Jervaulx Abbey was one of the great Cistercian abbeys of Yorkshire, founded in 1156. It was dissolved in 1537, and its last abbot was hanged for his part in the Pilgrimage of Grace. Dennis Barnes / Photographers Choice / Getty Images Plus The reasons for Henrys lack of funds were not strictly his famed extravagance. The discovery of new trade routes and the recent influx of silver and gold from the Americas into England severely depreciated the value of the kings stores: he desperately needed to find a way to increase revenue. The potential worth raised by the dissolution of the monasteries would be a huge influx of cash. The estimated total revenue of the religious houses in England was UK  £130,000 per year—between 64 billion and 34 trillion pounds in todays currency. The Sticking Points The reason the uprisings involved as many people as it did is also the reason they failed: the people were not united in their desires for change. There were several different sets of written and verbal issues that the commoners, gentlemen, and lords had with the King and the way he and Cromwell were handling the country—but each segment of the rebels felt more strongly about one or two but not all of the issues. No taxes during peacetime. Feudal expectations were that the king would pay his own expenses unless the country was at war. A peacetime tax had been in place from the mid-twelfth century, known as the 15th and the 10th. In 1334, the amount of the payments was fixed at a flat rate and paid by the wards to the king—the wards collected 1/10th (10%) of the moveable goods of the people living in the urban areas and paid it to the king, and the rural wards collected 1/15 (6.67%) of those of their residents. In 1535, Henry steeply raised those payments, requiring individuals to pay based on periodic assessments of not just their goods but also their rents, profits, and wages. There were also rumors of taxes to come on sheep and cattle; and of a luxury tax for people making less than 20 pounds per year on such things as white bread, cheese, butter, capons, hens, chickens.The repeal of the Statute of Uses. This unpopular statute was of vital importance to wealthy landowners who held es tates owned by Henry, but less so to the common folk. Traditionally, the landholders could use the feudal dues to support their younger children or other dependents. This statute abolished all such uses so that only the oldest son could derive any income from an estate owned by the KingThe Catholic church should be reestablished. Henrys divorce from Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn was only one problem the people had with Henrys changes; the replacement of Pope Paul III as a religious leader to a king who was perceived as a sensualist was inconceivable to the conservative parts of England, who truly believed the switch could only be temporary, now that Anne and Catherine were both dead.The heretic bishops should be deprived and punished. The basic tenet of the Catholic church in Rome was that the supremacy of the king was primary unless to follow his will was heresy, in which case they were morally obligated to work against him. Any clergy who refused to sign an oath siding with Henry was executed, and once the surviving clergy had recognized Henry as the Head of the Church of England (and were, therefore, heretics) they could not go back.No more abbeys should be suppressed. Henry began his changes by taking down the lesser monasteries, describing a laundry list of evils being perpetrated by the monks and abbots, and decreeing that there should be no more than one monastery within five miles of another. There were nearly 900 religious houses in England in the late 1530s, and one adult man in fifty was in religious orders. Some of the abbeys were great landowners, and some of the abbey buildings were hundreds of years old, and often the only permanent building in the rural communities. Their dissolution was a dramatically visible loss to the countryside, as well as an economic loss.Cromwell, Riche, Legh, and Layton should be replaced by noblemen.  People blamed Henrys advisor Thomas Cromwell and other of Henrys councilors for most of their ills. Cromw ell had come to power promising to make Henry the richest king that ever was in England and the population felt that he was to blame what they saw as Henrys corruption. Cromwell was ambitious and smart, but of the lower middle classes, a clothier, solicitor, and moneylender who was convinced that an absolute monarchy was the best form of government.The rebels should be pardoned for their insurrection. None of these had a reasonable chance of success. The First Uprising: Lincolnshire, October 1–18th, 1536 Although there were minor uprisings before and after, the first major assembly of dissident people took place in Lincolnshire  beginning around the first of October, 1536. By Sunday the 8th, there were 40,000 men gathered in Lincoln. The leaders sent a petition to the King outlining their demands, who responded by sending the Duke of Suffolk to the gathering. Henry rejected all of their issues but said if they were willing to go home and submit to the punishment that he would choose, he would eventually pardon them. The commoners went home. The uprising failed on a number of fronts—they had no noble leader to intercede for them, and their object was a mix of religion, agrarian, and political issues without a single aim. They were patently afraid of civil war, probably as much as the King was. Most of all, there were another 40,000 rebels in Yorkshire, who were waiting to see what the Kings response would be before moving forward.   The Second Uprising, Yorkshire, October 6, 1536–January 1537 The second uprising was far more successful, but still ultimately failed. Led by the gentleman Robert Aske, the collective forces took first Hull, then York, the second largest city in England at the time. But, like the Lincolnshire uprising, the 40,000 commoners, gentlemen and nobles did not advance to London but instead wrote to the King their requests. This the King also rejected out of hand–but the messengers bearing the outright rejection were stopped before they reached York. Cromwell saw this disturbance as better organized than the Lincolnshire uprising, and thus more of a danger. Simply rejecting the issues might result in an outbreak of violence. Henrys and Cromwells revised strategy involved delaying the rabble at York for a month or more. A Carefully Orchestrated Delay While Aske and his associates waited for Henrys response, they reached out to the Archbishop and other clergy members, those who had sworn allegiance to the king, for their opinion on the demands. Very few responded; and when forced to read it, the Archbishop himself refused to assist, objecting to the return of papal supremacy. It is very likely that the Archbishop had a better understanding of the political situation than Aske. Henry and Cromwell designed a strategy to divide the gentlemen from their commoner followers. He sent out temporizing letters to the leadership, then in December invited Aske and the other leaders to come to see him. Aske, flattered and relieved, came to London and met with the king, who asked him to write up the history of the uprising—Askes narrative (published word-for-word in Bateson 1890) is one the main sources for the historical work by Hope Dodds and Dodds (1915). Aske and the other leaders were sent home, but the prolonged visit of the gentlemen with Henry was cause for dissension among the commoners who came to believe they had been betrayed by Henrys forces, and by mid-January 1537, most of the military force had left York. Norfolks Charge Next, Henry sent the Duke of Norfolk to take steps to end the conflict. Henry declared a state of martial law and told Norfolk he should go to Yorkshire and the other counties and administer a new oath of allegiance to the King—anyone who did not sign was to be executed. Norfolk was to identify and arrest the ringleaders, he was to turn out the monks, nuns, and canons who still occupied the suppressed abbeys, and he was to turn over the lands to the farmers. The nobles and gentlemen involved in the uprising were told to expect and welcome Norfolk. Once the ringleaders were identified, they were sent to the Tower of London to await trial and execution. Aske was arrested on April 7th, 1537 and committed to the Tower, where he was repeatedly questioned. Found guilty, he was hung at York on July 12th. The rest of the ringleaders were executed according to their station in life—noblemen were beheaded, noble women were burned at the stake. Gentlemen were either sent home to be hung or hung in London and their heads placed on stakes on London Bridge. End of the Pilgrimage of Grace In all, about 216 people were executed, although not all the records of the executions were kept. In 1538–1540, groups of royal commissions toured the country and demanded that the remaining monks surrender their lands and goods. Some didnt (Glastonbury, Reading, Colchester)–and they were all executed. By 1540, all but seven of the monasteries were gone. By 1547, two-thirds of the monastic lands had been alienated, and their buildings and lands either sold at market to the classes of people who could afford them or distributed to local patriots. As to why the Pilgrimage of Grace failed so abysmally, researchers Madeleine Hope Dodds and Ruth Dodds argue that there were four main reasons. The leaders were under the impression that Henry was a weak, good-natured sensualist who was led astray by Cromwell: they were wrong, or at least wrong in understanding the strength and persistence of Cromwells influence. Cromwell was executed by Henry in 1540.  There were no leaders among the rebels with unconquerable energy or willpower. Aske was the most passionate: but if he could not convince the king to accept their demands, the only alternative was to have Henry overthrown, something they could not conceivably succeed in doing on their ownThe conflict between the interests of the gentlemen (higher rents and lower wages) and those of the commoners (lower rents and higher wages) could not be reconciled, and the commoners who made up the numbers of the forces were distrustful of the gentlemen who led them.  The only possible uniting power would have been the church, either the Pope or the English clergy. Neither supported the uprising in any real sense. Sources There have been several recent books on the Pilgrimage of Grace over the past few years, but writers and researching sisters Madeleine Hope Dodds and Ruth Dodds wrote an exhaustive work explaining the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1915 and it is still the main source of information for those new works. Bateson, Mary. The Pilgrimage of Grace. The English Historical Review 5.18 (1890): 330–45. Print.Bernard, G. W. The Dissolution of the Monasteries. History 96.4 (324) (2011): 390–409. Print.Bush, M. L. Enhancements and Importunate Charges: An Analysis of the Tax Complaints of October 1536. Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 22.3 (1990): 403–19. Print.---. Up for the Commonweal: The Significance of Tax Grievances in the English Rebellions of 1536. The English Historical Review 106.419 (1991): 299-318. Print.Hope Dodds, Madeleine, and Ruth Dodds. The Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536–1537 and the Exeter Conspiracy, 1538. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1915. Print.Hoyle, R. W., and A. J. L. Winchester. A Lost Source for the Rising of 1536 in North-West England. The English Historical Review 118.475 (2003): 120–29. Print.Liedl, Janice. The Penitent Pilgrim: William Calverley and the Pilgrimage of Grace. The Sixteenth Century Jour nal 25.3 (1994): 585–94. Print.Schofield, Roger. Taxation Under the Early Tudors, 1485–1547. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.

Why Do Heat Index and Wind Chill Temperatures Exist

Unlike air temperature  which tells how warm or cool the actual air around you  is, apparent temperature tells you how warm or cool your body thinks the air is. The apparent, or feels-like temperature, takes into account the real air temperature plus how other weather conditions, like humidity and  wind, can modify what the air feels like. Not familiar with this term? More than likely, the two types of apparent temperature -- wind chill and heat index -- are more recognizable.   The Heat Index: How Humidity Makes Air Feel Hotter During summer, most people are concerned with what the daily high temperature  will be. But if you really want an idea of how hot it will get, youd do better to pay attention to the heat index temperature. The heat index is a measure of how hot it feels outdoors as a result of air temperature and relative humidity combined. If youve ever stepped outside on a fair 70-degree day and found that it feels more like 80 degrees, then youve experienced the heat index firsthand. Heres what happens.  When the human body overheats, it cools itself by perspiring, or sweating; heat is then removed from the body by evaporation of that sweat. Humidity, however, slows the rate of this evaporation. The more moisture the surrounding air contains, the less moisture its able to absorb from the skins surface through evaporation. With less evaporation occurring, less heat is removed from the body, and thus, you feel hotter. For example, an air temperature of 86 °F and a relative humidity of 90% can make it feel like a steamy 105 °F outside your door! The Wind Chill: Winds Blow Heat Away From the Body The opposite of the heat index is the wind chill temperature. It measures how cold it feels outdoors when wind speed is factored in with the actual air temperature. Why does the wind make it feel cooler? Well, during the wintertime, our bodies heat (through convection) a thin layer of air just next to our skin. This layer of warm air helps insulate us from the surrounding cold. But when the cold winter wind blows across our exposed skin or clothes, it carries this warmth away from our bodies. The faster the wind blows, the faster the heat is carried away. If the skin or clothes are wet, the wind will lower the temperature even more quickly, since moving air evaporates the moisture at a quicker rate than still air would. Apparent Temperatures Can Have REAL  Health Effects Although the heat index isnt a real temperature, our bodies react to it like it is. When the heat index is  expected to exceed 105-110 °F for 2 or more consecutive days, the NOAA National Weather Service will issue excessive heat alerts for an area. At these apparent temperatures, the skin essentially cant breathe. If the body overheats to 105.1 °F or more, it is at risk for  heat illnesses, such  as  heat stroke. Similarly, the bodys response to a loss of heat by the wind chill is to move heat away from the internal areas to the surface is able to maintain an appropriate body temperature there. The drawback to this is if the body is unable to replenish the heat being lost, a drop in core body temperature occurs. And if core temperature drops below 95 °F (the required temperature for keeping up normal body functions) frostbite and hypothermia could occur. When Does Apparent Temperature Kick In? Heat index and wind chill temperatures only exist on random days and at certain times of the year. What determines when this is? The heat index is activated  when... the air temperature is 80 °F (27 °C) or higher,the dew point temperature is 54 °F (12 °C) or higher, andthe relative humidity is 40% or more. Wind chill is activated  when... the air temperature is 40 °F (4 °C) or less, andwind speed is 3 mph or greater. Heat Index and Wind Chill Charts If the wind chill or heat index is activated, these temperatures will be shown in your current weather, alongside the real air temperature.   To see  how different weather conditions mix to create heat indices and wind chills, check out the heat index chart and wind chill chart, courtesy of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

North Central College Admissions SAT, Acceptance Rate

The Code Of Academic Integrity And Promote Ethical...

Honors Pledge: As a student of the Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr. School of Business I have read and strive to uphold the University’s Code of Academic Integrity and promote ethical behavior. In doing so, I pledge on my honor that I have not given, received, or used any unauthorized materials or assistance on this examination or assignment. I further pledge that I have not engaged in cheating, forgery, or plagiarism and I have cited all appropriate sources. Student Signature:_Kilin Ung__ Kilin Ung ECN 120 Section D Written Exercise on US Income and Wealth Inequality, Mobility, and Educational Opportunity 1. In 1976, the richest 1% of the population got 9% of the income, whereas in 2012 they got nearly a quarter of the income (Ariely, 2013). This shows how much income inequality has shifted within a short amount of time. It also represents how the people with the money tend to make increasingly more money every year. Some factors that skew inequality are politics, globalization and technology. The rich have a disproportionate say in the policies that benefit the rich because they have the money to support a campaign for their causes. Globalization increases the standard of living all around which helps the poor but it makes the rich now a lot richer than everybody else. Technology is a huge factor in efficiency that separates the rich from the poor because technology is available to those who can afford it while those who can’t fall behind. Skill Based TechnologicalShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Academic Integrity1225 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic integrity continues to be an i mportant issue of public concern especially in higher education institutions. There are countless articles that report students cheating on examinations, plagiarizing written assignments, and collaborating with others when such behavior is prohibited. 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Characteristics of English Advertising Free Essays

Characteristics of English Advertising 2. Definition of advertising As with any aspect of language contact phenomena, research on CS is plagued by the thorny issue of terminological confusion. Many linguists consider. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of English Advertising or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Romaine, 1994) Not all researchers use the same terms in the same way, nor do they agree on the territory covered by terms such as †¦. 2. 2 Classification of English advertising Research on †¦has recently been the subject of considerable debate. 2. 2. 1 Attitudes Should †¦in foreign language classroom settings will be mentioned with a critical perspective. 2. 2. 3 Two After discussing what have been done on the issue of †¦worldwide, the following part now turn briefly to two pieces of research into the issue in China. 3 Translation of English Advertising Based on the above research questions, two prior constructs were assumed f†¦ Thereafter, the paper will discuss the findings and their pedagogical implications. 3. 1 Principles 3. 1. 1 English translation 32 teachers ( half of EFL Chinese teachers in Hubei University of Technology), 10 of whom are teaching English majors and 22 of them teaching College English to non-English majors. . 1. 2 English translation 100 English majors (EM students) and 100 non-English majors (CE students) were selected respectively. 3. 2 Translation techniques Then, the discussion of the interview questions was transcribed and the field notes and transcripts were analyzed to flesh out major patterns in the teachers †¦ in the classroom. 4 Translation of English Advertising Based on the above research questi ons, two prior constructs were assumed f†¦ Thereafter, the paper will discuss the findings and their pedagogical implications. . 1 English translation 4. 1. 1 English translation 32 teachers ( half of EFL Chinese teachers in Hubei University of Technology), 10 of whom are teaching English majors and 22 of them teaching College English to non-English majors. 4. 1. 2 English translation 100 English majors (EM students) and 100 non-English majors (CE students) were selected respectively. 4. 2 Translation techniques Then, the discussion of the interview questions was transcribed and the field How to cite Characteristics of English Advertising, Essay examples

Public Relation Adaptation Plan for Empowerment - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePublic Relation Adaptation Plan for Empowerment. Answer: Introduction True in the corporate social responsibility as one of the main benefactor of women health and empowerment, Avon, one of the known brands in womens cosmetics and products launched a Global program known as Kiss Goodbye to breast cancer in the year of 2001. The key objectives of the programs was to create awareness and raise funds to improve provide better support to the cause of breast cancer as well as support for the research of breast cancer cure. Over the last 25 years and with the support of Avons six millions customers, representatives, Avon walkers and employees have donated more than $800 million to the breast cancer causes as well as educating about 180 million women about the disease. Avon is supposed to debut its campaign in South Africa in partnership to the South African Cancer Society. Avon, South Africa launches its own Kiss Goodbye to breast cancer campaign on November 2017. The awareness program will uphold the significance of the campaign stating the significance of awareness and early detection of the disease through celebrities, charitable events, walk for cause and media relations from the different departments of public, private and entertainment world. The fundraising part of the campaign would feature the sale of limited edition lipsticks from November through December until January 2018. Ten South African rand to be donated on every lipstick that is to be sold for the support and welfare of cancer patients and support the cancer research initiative to benefit the South African women and come from the less privileged segregation of the population (Hendrix, Hayes Kumar, 2012). Current situation: The Kiss Goodbye to Breast Cancer campaign by Avon had launched in the year 2001for the first time. The campaign has emphasized on the significance of raising awareness in women and early detection of the disease as the best cure. In Philippines this campaign has collaborated with the Philippine General Hospital Cancer Institute and established a breast care centre there along with purchasing a new mammography machine for the centre. Taking this program to South Africa would require some changes in the policy due to the cultural difference in both the countries. Cultural Dimensions: Individualism This is a fundamental issue that has been addressed in the cultural dimension. The Philippines is a country with a score of 32 which is considered to be a collectivistic society. It indicates that there is a close knit commitment with all the group members and there is a sense of loyalty in the culture as well (Mazodier Merunka, 2012)). On the other hand, South Africa has a score of 65 and it is considered as an individualist society. This indicates that the social framework in the country is loosely knit and most individuals are expected to look out for their own selves (Ijabadeniyi, Govender Veerasamy, 2015). Therefore, this PR campaign should be targeted mostly towards the individual development in place of mass development in Philippines. Power Distance With the score 94, the Philippines is considered to be hierarchical society. People in this country tend to accept the hierarchical order where each person has a certain place and no justification is provided. However, South Africa has an entirely different power distance dimension with the score 49 which indicates that in the hierarchical order, the subordinates are expected to be instructed and expect an autocrat culture within the organization. Mostly it has been found out that with the higher power distance such as the Philippines, the government has a major control on the society, therefore the campaign should also make a close relationship with the government officials. However in case of South Africa, the PR practitioners should not have to take such initiatives. Masculinity Scoring 64, the Philippines is a masculine society that is driven by achievement, competition and success. The managers in such a society are expected to be assertive and decisive. In a similar way, South Africa also scores 63 in this cultural dimension and considered to be a masculine society too. Therefore, in this respect, there will be no such changes in the PR campaign. Uncertainty Avoidance The Philippines scores 44 on this cultural dimension, therefore it has a low performance of avoiding uncertainty. Therefore, it is evident that the country has a relaxed approach while working with the principles. South Africa also scores similar in the dimension, therefore the schedules are flexible, punctuality is not necessary and innovation is not considered to be a threatening approach. However, it should also be mentioned that in such a culture, the individuals may have to work hard for convincing the clients in terms of addressing the potential and urgent issues. Long term Orientation The Philippines has a low score (27) in this dimension which indicates that the country is more normative than being pragmatic. In a similar way, South Africa also scores low (34) in this dimension showing that people have a strong concern in such a society in order to establish the truth. Social Context Filipino women have a higher mortality rate out of breast cancer than any other country. However, it has been observed that they lack in knowledge regarding the significance of breast cancer. On the contrary, in South Africa, around 49.7% women know at least three breast cancer symptoms. However, larger sections of women are still unaware of the disease and its cure. Therefore, through Avons campaign, the PR professionals have targeted the women through the help of television, radio and other print media for raising the awareness. Political Context In the Philippines, the government has started few cancer control programs and cancer control centers. Avons campaign has been critically approved from the public relation industry in the country as well. On the contrary, South Africa still does not have much government support in the public relations industry for raising awareness for breast cancer (Mazanec et al., 2015). Therefore, the PR professionals in South Africa will also require gaining the trust of government officials for making it an official awareness raising campaign. Economic context The Philippines has one of the fastest growing economies in Asia. Therefore, it is much easier for raising any awareness program in the country. On the other hand, South African economy is suffering from different adverse factors. The unemployment rate is higher; therefore raising such an awareness program may face several issues at the initial stage. The rate of breast cancer is also higher in the women coming from a lower poverty line. Therefore, the PR program may face difficulties at the initial stage as these women may not avail Avons lipstick. Therefore, the campaign should make effective steps for targeting all women in the country. Public relations context The Public Relations Society of Philippines has received award of excellence, which indicate that the government is also making effective steps for reaching the general population. However, the scenario is entirely different in South Africa, therefore the PR program should approach to the government officials as well. Target Public: The target audience is mostly the women who are coming from middle and lower income group as the breast cancer rate is higher within this class. The campaign may include local celebrities for gaining the attention of the target group. Media The PR campaign should involve all the available digital media such as television, radio and the print media. Other than that, the campaign should also involve social media for raising more awareness amongst women. Ethical issues: Push selling the lipsticks may be considered to be unethical sometimes, therefore while raising the awareness for breast cancer programs, the PR professionals should ensure that the program should not turn into a mere push selling program, rather it should focus more on the awareness raising program. Objectives The campaign that has been scheduled to make its debut in south Africa would be a twofold program campaign. The primary objective is to create an increased awareness amongst the South African women about the complications and occurrence of breast cancer. The second objective is to raise funds for every breast cancer patient both able and under-privileged as well as fund the research to mitigate the occurrences and create an alternative cure for the disease to diminish the after effects of the usual cancer treatments on the external appearance of women. The campaign is programmed to be operated in collaboration with the South African Cancer Society (Grunig, 2013). The Kiss Goodbye to Breast Cancer is a multiple year campaign. The project is a segment of the overall positioning of Avon as a socially responsible corporate organization that actively supports women health and women empowerment. The reason adopting these objectives being, breast cancer is a worldwide concern and millions of women suffer the aftermath of cancer diagnosis. This initiative has been taken with a motive to help such women in urgent need of both moral and financial support. Strategies The strategies that are supposed to be used are more or less similar to the previous campaign that had taken place. The reason for using such strategies being, the effectiveness and having the potential to grab the attention of the targeted audiences as well as reach to over to a larger segment to spread the message as well as impact effectively. For the optimal impact of the awareness part of the campaign, Avon, South Africa would target the opinionated leaders in the media and shall used known faces as well as celebrities to spread the message amongst the masses. The Avon employees, especially the women would be deployed along with the South African Cancer Society volunteers to have a face to face interaction with the target audiences. The action strategies includes the maintenance of the same corporate culture without making any major change in the approach with regards to the Kiss Goodbye to Breast cancer campaign. The company has already positioned itself as a cultivator of corporate social responsibility since the 1990s. Therefore, it would not be a difficult to establish itself in the advocacy of womens health and empowerment. The campaign is not a do alone project so Avon would be forming collaborations with the media moguls, celebrities, cancer support network agencies and the South African Cancer Society. With this joint venture, Avon would ensure an authenticity in the adopted cause. The communication strategies would ensure a high rate of visibility in the conducted campaign. The communication strategy that would aware about the setbacks due to the lack of effective communication can be achieved with proper implementation and use of strategies to efficiently transfer the message to the masses. Careful selection of the media and the target audience would ensure the success of conducting the awareness program and the campaign. Although South Africa is a diverse country in its cultures and diversity, English is the common understandable language that can be used to propagate the message. In other parts of the region where there are different cultural division, the respective lingual translation can be helpful for understanding the campaign message and the awareness program. It should also be taken into consideration that the effective knowledge in the language does not necessarily means the possession of effective subject knowledge, in this case knowledge about bre ast cancer. The precise and medicated terminologies that are to be used should be made by bout knowledgeable as well as well communicative health workers, who are to be accompanied by the Avon employees to explain and discuss about the purpose of the campaign and its advantages. Tactics The effective tactics that can be used in this campaign is to use the celebrities and well recognized faced in the television who are going to support the campaign all throughout the three months long duration. The special celebrity endorse products with specific and customized designs related to use of attractive colors, mostly pink can be used to attract the attention of the masses. The redesigning of the fliers with effective message in catchy phrases and added on colors would ensure a better customer reach. Catch lines such as A LIPSTICK can change your life, would be helpful to keep a ambiguity and curiosity amongst the masses, who would be eager to know more about the matter in concern. Effective knowledge dispersion related to the self-examination methods can be well illustrated since the methods are similar and do not have much change in nature. Evaluation However, no formal evolution method can be conducted except for the feedback form that can be used to understand and analyze the effectiveness of the entire campaign conducted by Avon. Although, the Avon South African senior public relations manager can do look forward to check the effective dispersion of the message and the campaign as well as the efficient use of the medium of propagation. This evaluation can be done to understand and analyze the necessary changes that can be done on the same campaign, in the future. References Grunig, J. E. (Ed.). (2013).Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Hendrix, J. A., Hayes, D. C., Kumar, P. D. (2012).Public relations cases. Cengage Learning.. Ijabadeniyi, A., Govender, J. P., Veerasamy, D. (2015). The Influence Of Cultural Diversity On Marketing Communication: A Case Of Africans And Indians In Durban, South Africa.International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER),14(6), 869-882. Mazanec, J. A., Crotts, J. C., Gursoy, D., Lu, L. (2015). Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation.Tourism Management,48, 299-304. Mazodier, M., Merunka, D. (2012). Achieving brand loyalty through sponsorship: the role of fit and self-congruity.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(6), 807-820.

Woolworth Strategic Problem Recommendation -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Woolworth Strategic Problem Recommendation? Answer: Introduction Slide 1y- Woolworths has been known in the Australian market for its 50 percent holding in the alcohol retail which now occupies 49.2 percent of the market. Woolworths has spread their clutches on almost ever aspect of Australian lifestyle amounting to a 72.5 percent of the entire $82 billion grocer sector. In the year 2013, Woolworths boasted of operating around 1, 355 liquor stores spanning the entire country. Slide 2- However, recently a severe loophole in their system caused hundreds of panic-stricken customers to complain against Woolworths of undue transactions from bank account (NewsComAu 2018). Various social media sites were used as the platform in order to stage the protests at the extremely lapse state of operation and management from Woolworths side. Woolworths has formed a loyal customer based over years of providing with excellent service however, the company faced a backlash due to their own incompetency. The transaction has claimed an undue $800. The chaos and confusion instilled a new fear amongst the customer which made them question the reasons behind Woolworths possession of their card details. Slide 3- The doubts were further aggravated due to cyber crime and the customers were enraged even after repeated assurance from the management to resolve the entire issue. One of the famous Australian newspapers, The Sydney Morning Herald has confirmed that a huge error in the data center has caused the uproar and the same could have consequent in major theft from peoples accounts. Politicians and professors have questioned the breach if privacy and trust that Woolworths management has committed by unlawful retention of data even after a prolonged period of time following the transaction. This has significantly defamed the PR and executives who tried industriously to resolve the matter as their social media pages were filled accusations and derogatory messages for Woolworths and HRM. The media spokespersons had repeated highlighted the trauma and stress that the above incident caused on the general mass. It also shook their faith in the online transactional process and the authority to possess card/account details of customers by Cuscal. Australian news channels like ABC News and Sky News Australia collected opinions from several others workers in various retail stores. According to sources, the Woolworths scandal had severely hampered the transactional process across the retail stores in Australia. In order to steer clear of mismanagement and confusion, severa l banks and retailers had opted for automated messages. However, these measures and steps have failed to obliterate suspicion and hesitations from the mind of customers. Several Financial Planners and Investment Analysts have predicted the customers to blame bank authorities in case of erroneous transactions. Content Analysis of Secondary Sources Secondary Source 1- One of the best Australian blogs had advised for the development of a strategic business response that will improve the communication process that Woolworths have had with their customers previously. Their approach should be a clear indication of their seriousness towards the concerns and issues faced by the customers (Montalvo 2016). Source 2- The Financial Review had criticized Woolworths for their lack of response on the social media sites (Financial Review 2018). The apparent lack of assurance from their end failed to pacify the situation and it increased uncertainties amongst the customers. Media spokespersons have commented on the ridiculousness of the entire affair especially in an age of social media that has been serving as an effective platform for advertising of companies and PR. The situation provoked a feeling of wariness amongst the common people of the gigantic corporations that have taken hold of the Australian market. The PR personnel should be held responsible for dealing with comments that straightforwardly showcased extreme annoyance and disregard towards the Woolworths group. Source 3- The Star has written on the unlawful eradication of offers and discounts on the final billing at Woolworths. Repeated occurrences were recorded to take place in the branches of Sea Point and Green Point. Irrespective of bonus points and discounts, the customers allegedly paid the full price of different products. Source 4- On several social media sites, agitated customers, especially those who are inclined towards law and order, have suggested Woolworths to adapt the policy of retail and billing prevalent in South Africa. It means that they have to provide the commodity for free if they are incorrectly charging for the same (Edelman and Wright 2015). Source 5- Mumbrella has written about how customers have accused Woolworths of poor management of their rewards system and unethical extraction of customers money. Customers argue that the system is complicated and not in the least beneficial for the customers. This had already reduced trust and confidence on the customers end and the data retention scandal degraded the situation further. Source 6- Many customers on Elsevier has raised questions regarding the lack of customer oriented programs and strategies even after repeated mismanagement and wrong transactions. It has stated how Woolworths has consequently lost a strong market position and its competitive edge. Source 7- News.com.au has questioned the ethics regarding their whole transaction system and the number of times they have exploited the customers. It has quoted several flustered customers pointing to a breach in ethics and code in relation to the massive power that they exercise through market share and size. Source 8- A reporter working with The Guardian, has collected in-depth information about the recent crisis in Woolworths has written about how various customers had to reschedule their entire schedule due to the error in transaction. Some people had to stay away from works while others had to give up on the days shopping of essential merchandises (Michaelson et al 2014). The newspaper stated this as a major reason why Woolworths never managed to bag a five star like Foodland and Aldi. Their consistent poor performance has finally made them to consider about shutting down stores which will cost 500 workers their jobs. Source 9- the Herald Sun has blamed a number of factors accentuating the mismanagement and drop of customer satisfaction. Some of the pronounced reasons are store layout, little value for money and the freshness of products which Woolworths has repeatedly failed to furnish the customers with. Market analysts have expressed dissatisfaction with Woolworths incapability of fighting back at the face of its rivals like Coles. As a result Woolworths has been witnessing a slowed down market growth and employee morale. Source 10- Australian forum artforum.com.au has written about the extremely poor management system of Woolworths which again as a chain reaction has affected the price perception capacity of Woolworths. These factors had pulled them towards the periphery thereby making Aldi and Coles more popular. Apart from the value for money prospect Woolworths has regressed even in the criteria of promotion and advertisement more than fifty percent of the customers have posted negative comments on web forums regarding the price and quality of the products. Woolworths lacks customers who are driven by value, convenience and quality services, surprisingly Woolworths has done very little to work on the same (So, Danaher and Gupta 2015). SWOT Analysis of Woolworths Leadership Quality- Woolworths possesses superior quality leaders who possess the strategies necessary to make the retail sector thrive. Woolworths has acquired a strong foothold in the Australian market sector with its proper implementation and usage of resources like technological and human resources. Brand Positioning- over years of providing consistent services, Woolworths has created a niche for itself in the supermarket and has created a strong brand image for itself. Their qualities of products and value based price have played a fundamental part. Networking- Woolworths has been operating in the market a number of subsidiaries which has enabled it to become a part of larger corporate family. Woolworths has also been able to offset profit from one subsidiary in case of incurring loss from the other. Weaknesses Weak Global Market Presence- the retailer should now emphasis on expanding its global market presence like its rival competitors by setting up shops overseas. They have delayed their international expansion and this can be considered as a major weakness especially when other companies are entering into cheaper markets like Vietnam. Staggering in online sales- Woolworths has failed to convert its physical presence into virtual, this is crucial especially in a time when Australian supermarket is hugely dependant on online stores. Opportunities Brand promotion through media- Woolworths has created an advertising campaign that has concentrated on value based brand promotion more than price. The creativity has immensely helped Woolworths in conveying a positive message to the consumers. Potential Growth in sales- Market analysts have predicted that the major retail companies like Woolworths and Coles will dominate with the implementation of online sale option. Recession- the risk of recession can significantly affect the market sector as it can decrease the manufacturers stock price and as a result affect the companys stock price. The other most affected sector will be productivity and employee. Due to recession the company may even has to eliminate a number of workers. Strategic Problems and Recommendations for Woolworths: Woolworths should develop strategies so as to renew the trust and confidence of the customers and to ensure that they are completing grocery shopping at Woolworths itself. Woolworth can therefore stretch the range of products and can eventually include producer branded foods. One of the many strategic problems today faced by Woolworths is the significant decrease in the number of sales and is losing its market share in the sector of fast food and quality services (Lewis and Huber 2015). Previously they had created an essentially flawed Cheap-Cheap campaign which subverted the brand image in front of the customers. As Woolworths competes through Price, Quality, Range and Services their primary focus should be to provide ethically sourced products. They should bear in consideration the price and discounts offered by the rival competitors in order to differentiate and upgrade itself (Edelman and Wright 2015). In order to handle the negative publicity that Woolworths has gathered from print media and social sites, Woolworths should concentrate on providing cutting edge customer service and technical support. The routine should include staff training and proper grooming (Taneja, Sewell and Odom 2015). They should introduce loyalty system on the cards which will be more customer-oriented providing exciting offers and benefits on a number of products. The steps could be implemented only after a careful analysis of quantitative and qualitative data regarding what will serve as the best (Crane and Matten 2016) In order to assess the major discrepancies in the accounts book Woolworths should maintain a tight security system in self-serve check-outs. This will effectively eradicate the theft of items and deliberate cheating in the self-served check out section Woolworths faces a severe crisis in staff performance and retention. One of the factors that have stimulated the same is low employee motivation and morale. This can simultaneously affected employee performance, meeting work objectives. In this case, Woolworths should consider employee motivation as a fundamental aspect of HRM (Brewster, Boselie and Purpura 2018). Like several other well-established business organizations, have adopted the systematic personal counselling through the employers health schemes (Taneja, Sewell and Odom 2015). The same aims to provide aid and assistance to the employees or their family suffering from excessive stress and anxiety. Career counselling will be one of the constructive ways through which Woolworths can retain old and talented employees and prevent them from choosing alternate career options or better organizations. Reference List: Bowen, J.T. and Chen McCain, S.L., 2015. Transitioning loyalty programs: a commentary on the relationship between customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(3), pp.415-430. Brewster, C., Boselie, P. and Purpura, C., 2018. HRM in the International Organizations. 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The use of social media among business-to-business sales professionals in China: How social media helps create and solidify guanxi relationships between sales professionals and customers. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 10(1), pp.33-49. So, J.T., Danaher, T. and Gupta, S., 2015. What do customers get and give in return for loyalty program membership?. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 23(3), pp.196-206. Spivey, M.D., 2014. Re-reading economics in literature: A capitalist critical perspective. Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Sultan, P., Wong, H.Y. and Sigala, M., 2018. Segmenting the Australian organic food consumer market. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 30(1), pp.163-181. Suzor, N.P., Pappalardo, K.M. and McIntosh, N., 2017. The passage of Australias data retention regime: national security, human rights, and media scrutiny. Internet Policy Review, 6(1). Taneja, S., Sewell, S.S. and Odom, R.Y., 2015. A culture of employee engagement: A strategic perspective for global managers. Journal of Business Strategy, 36(3), pp.46-56. NewsComAu. (2018). I love paying for my groceries twice. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/thousands-of-woolworths-customers-billed-twice-for-purchases-made-in-march/news-story/771da82d714578a0e5d9c4f1d5240129 [Accessed 30 Jan. 2018].