6 Ways to Help Beat Student Stress - Proofread My Paper

6 Ways to Help Beat Student Stress - Proofread My Paper 6 Ways to Help Beat Student Stress The weights of school life are numerous and changed, yet the impacts are irrefutable: More understudies than any time in recent memory are experiencing pressure and stress-related emotional well-being issues. Ideally youre not confronting anything very this stressful.(Photo: Bernard Goldbach/flickr) Accordingly, it’s imperative that you recognize what to do if you’re feeling pushed. What's more, these six hints are a decent beginning stage. 1. Know the Signs of Stress The initial step to beating pressure is perceiving when you are focused. All things considered, it very well may be barely noticeable the signs when you’re occupied with twelve different things! Noticeable indications of stress include: Crabbiness or feeling overpowered Trouble concentrating Low confidence or steady stressing Migraines, strain and muscle torment Loss of craving or troublesomely resting Stress is experienced diversely by everybody, so this rundown isn’t complete. Yet, on the off chance that these side effects do sound natural, it’s significant not to overlook them. 2. Know Your Stressors The most ideal approach to manage uneasiness is to remove it at the source. Regular stressors for understudies include: Scholarly pressure (i.e., stressing over evaluations and outstanding task at hand) Individual pressure (i.e., tension about your own as well as sentimental life) Family stress (i.e., pressure from your family or changing in accordance with being endlessly from home) Monetary pressure (i.e., making a decent living on an understudy spending plan) Vulnerability about the future (i.e., not recognizing what you’ll do after school) The answer for these issues will rely upon your circumstance, however realizing what causes you to feel focused will make it simpler to roll out positive improvements. 3. Work It Out Much of the time, basically conversing with somebody can be an incredible assistance. This could be companions, family, your educators or even a guide (most schools offer a directing assistance for understudies). Examining your issues is particularly powerful on the off chance that you can converse with the individuals in question (e.g., discussing outstanding task at hand issues with educators). Be that as it may, even simply talking with a companion is better than keeping everything suppressed inside. 4. Eat Well and Exercise Your eating routine is significant when you’re feeling focused. Eat well food at whatever point conceivable, don’t skip suppers, and cut out unreasonable caffeine (particularly in the nights). The bag is discretionary. So also, normal physical exercise has been demonstrated to be essential to stretch administration. 5. Rest and Recuperate Now and again, stress is an aftereffect of burnout, particularly when you’re shuffling a ton of obligations. Getting a lot of rest is along these lines vital. In any case, since uneasiness can likewise cause a sleeping disorder, you should ensure your room is set up to make dozing simpler (e.g., having a decent bedding) and that you have a normal night schedule. 6. Unwinding Getting some much needed rest is additionally indispensable. Basically, you’ll always be unable to beat pressure in the event that you don’t allow yourself to unwind every so often. This could be as straightforward as spending time with companions or marathon watching something on Netflix, as long as it takes your psyche off work! For additional assistance, however, you may likewise need to attempt reflection and unwinding works out. A little peaceful time can go far.

Myra Hindley :: essays research papers

A perverted seductress, the guide and likely brief of an underhanded and wanton executioner. Or on the other hand a 'political detainee being utilized as a substitute by government officials and the media'? This is an extremely touchy subject and individuals regularly react with dread and uneasiness when we choose to analyze things like the Moors murders. We are informed that our interest is 'undesirable', and that needing to know,or transparently banter about an issue which is 'normally' shut, must be the longing of a wiped out psyche. We are urged to choose not to see and disregard well. It is evident to me that to wish to inspect something isn't to support it. However when someone attempts to pose inquiries about untouchable subjects today, they are thought to be thoughtful to the subject, possibly somewhat disturbed, and unquestionably suspect. They become an outsider, and this coming hapless from the group is additionally something which many dread. Many express better to be believed to be a piece of the lynch-crowd than to turn into its quarry however these are the individuals who don't have the quality of character to try and endeavor to be the quarry. During their preliminary, neither Hindley nor Brady indicated regret. Both were condemned to life. They are still in jail as of now. The appointed authority has expressed that she will in fact spend the remainder of her days in jail with no possibility of ever being paroled, so for what reason does she despite everything contend against the adjudicators choice ? A ton of weight is put on Governments to keep Hidley inside and whether she is to be discharged is presently frequently expressed in party political proclamations preceding decisions, as it is expected that the abrogating pubic feeling could win or lose races. On November the twenty - first supporters of Hindley required an audit of condemning methodology after Jack Straw reaffirmed the choice of his forerunner, Michael Howard, of never discharging Hindley from jail. The decision went under prompt assault from punitive reformers and common freedoms campaigners. Myra Hindley is as yet requesting of for her discharge On October the seventh, 1998 Hindley closed a meeting at the Court of Appeal attempting to overrule her "whole-life tariff." In her new endeavor at toppling her lifelong incarceration and win the privilege to a parole hearing, Hindley asserted that she can demonstrate that she partook in the Moors kills simply because Brady mishandled her, and took steps to slaughter her mom, grandma and more youthful sister in the event that she didn't agree to his desires.

Utopia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ideal world - Essay Example Despite what might be expected, I believe its a long way from being Utopia. Be that as it may, what is Utopia I would imagine that it is where there is harmony and love among all men. Yet, as indicated by Plato's The Republic, he thought about an ideal state to have two things: the ideal man and the ideal equity. An ideal world can't exist if the individuals that comprises it are defective. I should concur but reluctantly, on the grounds that on second thought, the world is only the total of the individuals which comprise it. Thus, to make an ideal world, the men that structure it must be immaculate too. Despite the fact that we have made some amazing progress since our savage progenitors, we are not impeccable still. As indicated by Charles Darwin, men may have respectable characteristics and god-like knowledge but then men despite everything bears in his substantial casing the unappetizing stamp of his modest starting point. Since it is our body that restricts us and keeps us from being great, Plato has proposed in The Republic that in the cutting edge world, debilitated and disfigured kids are isolated and executed so they don't taint nor trouble the rest. They are imperfect, and there is no space for blemishes ideally. Plato proposed that ideally, there is solidarity among men and they are unified with the state. Men stop to be simple people and rather they are viewed as individuals from the state. I concur with this line of reasoning in such a case that men today would think thusly, they would dither before doing mischief to another, supposing that they harm another, they harm the State. Furthermore, as it were, they harm themselves. Nonetheless, to accomplish this unity with the State, Plato proposes common property heavily influenced by the state. In like manner, it recommends that the State raises the youngsters without guardians knowing their posterity. These are meant to forestall gathering of riches, cerebrums, magnificence and different characteristics of birth. Once more, I should consent to this line of reasoning. Since to have a total solidarity with the State, one must acquiescence everything to it, in any case, riches will be thought uniquely to specific people, excellence and minds would just be constrained to just a single family. This is what's going on now. What's more, as we see, it prompts imbalance and unfairness. Would we be able to Attain Utopia As I would see it, it will be almost difficult to accomplish Utopia. As a matter of first importance, we are imperfect men. What's more, as things are going as for human rights support, I don't think it is conceivable to isolate the disfigured and debilitated and put them to death. Such would be in opposition to all precepts of human rights. Moreover, while it's increasingly conceivable to have a network of property as such exists in certain socialist countries today. I don't think it is workable for the State to raise kids. No parent would consent to surrender their youngster. We all are raised in a family situation and we are instructed how significant family ties are. In crafted by Rene Descartes, he presumed that a piece made by one individual out of scratch is more flawless than a piece that advanced from various pieces consolidated. We are the last mentioned. Mankind developed and our general public is the thing that it is currently founded on different encounters. In this way, it is less great. To achieve flawlessness, we should begin once again. Obliterate what we have now and manufacture it

Xbox case free essay sample

What gracefully chain changes did Microsoft make between the Xbox and the Xbox 360? What was the inspiration for these changes? Microsoft made a few gracefully chain changes after their first involvement with the game support showcase with the Xbox. Microsoft effectively made sure about a noteworthy piece of the pie with the Xbox and expected to have higher deals with its replacement: the Xbox 360. They additionally settled on the choice to present it a year prior to their fundamental rival, Sony, would so as to make sure about a huge piece of the pie. Since both of Microsoft’s EMS providers had just been working at limit, they contracted with a third EMS provider, Celestica. Celestica started creation in another office in China a year after dispatch to give extra limit and exploit the less expensive materials accessible in China. Another change was the choice to re-appropriate the item structure to Astro Studios in San Francisco. Numerous individuals had griped that the Xbox was terrible and excessively huge. We will compose a custom paper test on Xbox case or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Unmistakably, the Xbox’s item configuration didn't give an upper hand to Microsoft. Contracting with a famous plan organization would nearly ensure the advancement of a progressively alluring and easy to use reassure. Microsoft accepted an all the more outwardly tasteful structure would improve deals execution especially in Japan as the Xbox was just ready to catch 1% of the piece of the pie. Ultimately, Microsoft chose to plan uniquely crafted chips that solitary they would possess the rights to. This fundamentally decreased provider power and aided Microsoft limit costs as they could take their chip configuration to any chip maker. Their unique chip makers, Intel and NVidia, opposed this change since it would compel them to contend on cost. Past videogame dispatches had been portrayed by starting interest surpassing gracefully, despite the fact that dispatches had been territorial, with numerous months isolating each geographic extension. What were the advantages and dangers of the worldwide dispatch made arrangements for the Xbox 360? Subsequent to missing out to Sony’s PlayStation 2 with the Xbox, Microsoft comprehended that making sure about a solid market nearness and piece of the pie was essential to winning the reassure war. The Xbox’s â€Å"large controller† and â€Å"poor appearance† put off numerous buyers particularly Japan, which involves a tremendous bit of the market. Xbox’s piece of the overall industry in Japan was at â€Å"less than 1 percent† which was significantly not as much as its offer around the world. Therefore, Microsoft expected to make a â€Å"small, exquisite machine† with progressively wieldy controllers and the expansion of online highlights. All together for this worldwide dispatch to succeed, Xbox 360’s must be provided all inclusive and sold at the same time in totally picked geographic areas. There shouldn’t be quite a bit of a deferral between geographic extensions similar to the standard in past computer game dispatches. Microsoft foreseen getting advantages, for example, improved economies of scale with the creation from the entirety of its providers, the capacity to meet the very high anticipated interest, and most fundamentally a previous access to the market than the PlayStation 3. The PS3 was relied upon to have better innovation with higher goals and Blu-beam abilities. This was very natural to Microsoft as it was in the contrary position it was in when it was propelling the first Xbox. The worldwide dispatch was executed during the special seasons, which guaranteed more deals. Nonetheless, a worldwide dispatch implied that Microsoft was exposing itself to several dangers. An early dispatch date made Microsoft over-dependent on its maker Flextronics and its assembling plant in Doumen, China, which was making the entirety of the Xbox 360’s. This plant’s capacity to work proficiently, viably, and without critical mistake was significant to the 360’s achievement. On the off chance that a fiasco happened making the plant shut down or essentially delayed down, Microsoft would lose numerous clients and deals. What's more, one of the principle purposes behind the early and worldwide dispatch was to acquaint the capacity with play online to the computer game market. In any case, the hazard in this technique was that there should have been an adequate measure of web use over the globe remembering for underdeveloped nations for this to be justified, despite all the trouble. Clients in less fortunate nations with immature web framework might not be able to utilize these capacities. In the wake of gauging these dangers Microsoft propelled internationally and increased an enormous deals and piece of the pie advantage over Sony and the PS3, which would not dispatch for about one more year.

Teetotaller - Definition and Origin

Teetotaller - Definition and Origin Definition: A teetotaller is somebody who absolutely avoids alcohol. In the nineteenth century, the Preston Temperance Society in England and, later, the American Temperance Union supported a vow of forbearance from inebriating alcohol, as a major aspect of the moderation development. The individuals who had marked the promise were approached to utilize a T with their mark to mean all out forbearance. The T in addition to the all out prompted those whod marked the vow being called T-totallers or teetotallers. The term was being used as ahead of schedule as 1836 when a clarification of it as importance absolute teetotaler showed up in print. From that point, the term came to be utilized all the more by and large, for any individual who intentionally dedicated to restraint, or essentially for a nondrinker. The Pledge The promise of moderation from the Preston Temperance Society (in Preston, England) read: We consent to keep away from all alcohols of an inebriating quality whether lager, watchman, wine or enthusiastic spirits, with the exception of as medication. Otherwise called: Abstainer, dry, nondrinker, prohibitionist Different words for teetotalism: Abstinence, temperance,â abstemiousness, on the wagon, dry, calm. Exchange Spellings: t-totaller, nondrinker Models: First Lady Lucy Hayes, spouse of President Rutherford B. Hayes, was known as Lemonade Lucy in light of the fact that, as a teetotaller, she didn't serve alcohol in the White House. Henry Ford required a teetotaller vow for those he recruited in his new auto creation industry, to advance better efficiency and working environment wellbeing. Get familiar with how teetotallism fit into the more broad development to restrain or boycott the utilization of mixed refreshments: Temperance Movement and Prohibition Timeline Picture: the picture included is a case of the Victorian period promise, total with Victorian botanical adornment. Strict gatherings that require or energize restraint from the utilization of mixed refreshments: Get together of God, Bahai, Christian Science, Islam, Jainism, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS. otherwise called the Mormon Church), Seventh-day Adventist Church, the Church of Christ, Sikhism, Salvation Army.  Also, some Hindu and Buddhist organizations, and some Mennonite and Pentecostal gatherings. Methodists in English and American history frequently showed restraint however seldom do that presently. In the Victorian period, numerous in both the Evangelical and Unitarian developments instructed in any event restriction, if not restraint and teetotalling. The greater part of those religions that preclude liquor do as such in light of the fact that it is destructive, that it represses care, or can without much of a stretch lead to untrustworthy conduct. Some well known ladies teetotallers: Ever, ladies turning out to be teetotallers was regularly an outflow of strict qualities, or depended on general social change standards.  In the cutting edge world, a few ladies become teetotallers for such reasons, and others on account of a previous history of liquor addiction or liquor misuse. Tyra Banks: a model and actress.Susan Boyle: singer.Pearl S. Buck: author, won Nobel Prize for Literature, 1938.Faye Dunaway: actress.Janeane Garofalo: actress.Kathy Griffin: comedian.Elisabeth Hasselbeck: TV personality.Jennifer Hudson: singer.Carrie Nation: moderation activist.Kelly Osbourne: actress.Marie Osmond: singer.Natalie Portman: actress.Anna Quindlen: writer.Christina Ricci: actress.Anne Rice: writer.Linda Rondstadt: singer.Sarah Silverman: entertainer, on-screen character and writer.Jada Pinkett Smith: actress.Lucy Stone: womens rights activist.Mae West: actress. Frances Willard: balance reformer.

Yay, weekend!

Yay, weekend! On Friday evening, I was lounging around being bored. There were other people on 5th East doing the same thing, so we sat under the red lights of Black Bemis and talked, which is a popular quiet-night activity on 5th East. We were soon joined by Lex 00. One of my favorite things about the culture I live in is that many alunmi stay involved for years after they graduate. I enjoy talking to them well, most of them because they have stories, and they have useful advice, and a sense of history and perspective. Lex is one of our more active cruft (a term meaning either alums who hang around, or defunct electronic hardware) and was really supportive and helpful to me back when I was running for UAVP (Undergraduate Association Vice-President everything at MIT is a number, abbreviation or acronym), giving campaign advice and showing up to watch my debate. He could relate; he used to be UAVP himself! In fact, he was Matts VP! Small world, right? Eventually, I went down to 1st East to check out their dance party. They are the proud home of the famed Disco Dance Floor. I took a picture of people dancing, but Im not such a great photographer and the pretty colors didnt come out very well. :( You should go to the link I provided instead of me putting the picture up, because those are good photographs. I was going to leave the party and go out with a bunch of friends at midnight, but got distracted by Dennis 08 and Bethany 06, who were watching Star Wars in 6-120. On Saturday, a bunch of 5th East walked to Sicilias Pizza for dinner. Wed all ordered it before for delivery, but wed never been to the restaurant, which is near Boston University, so we decided wed have an adventure. It ended up being more adventurous than we thought, because as soon as we stepped onto the Harvard Bridge, a storm hit, and the rain blew horizontally and soaked the right halves of all our bodies. But it was good food! But Sunday was a pretty day. My room gets particularly sunny on nice days, and this attracts cats, like Nietzsche here: Some halls and dorms allow cats, some dont. Nietzsche belongs to Sarah 08, and has spent about seven of the roughly eight months of his life on hall. When the evening came, we decided it was such a nice day that we should have a barbecue in the East Campus courtyard. Yelena 06, Brian 08, Irene 08, and Matt 08 eat. Matt puts chicken and pork chops on the grill. We had company, in the form of Joe Foley, a Senior Haus GRT (Graduate Resident Tutor). Hes been around a long time, having received his undergrad degree in 98, and is one of the most famed of the legendary crazy characters we get around the east side of campus. *grin* Foley enjoyed our food. At 10, I went to an EC Rush meeting. Well, I suppose its technically a REX meeting. But one thing youll notice students dont actually call Dorm Rush REX, except when they need to be official. And even then, they sometimes slip up. Our Rush Chairs are the ones in charge of making sure the dorm is on schedule preparing for Rush. Each dorm has its own. At EC, we consider Rush a big deal, so we have three of them. Here they are sitting on the couch thats against the wall, which at EC is a signal of being in authority: Schuyler 06 (1st East), Vogt 06 (5th East), and Harvey 06 (2nd West) at the end of the meeting. We have an impressive set of Rush Chairs this year. Schuyler is also the Rush Chair for all of DormCon! Vogt is the EC Desk Captain, and some other interesting stuff. And Harvey is the EC Presidentand the DormCon President! Clearly, EC Rush will be awesome this year. If youre an incoming frosh, you should make sure to come. Actually, you should make sure to visit as many dorms as you can during Dorm Rush, so that you can decide for sure which one you want to live in I know you picked over the summer, but come on, would you buy a house before youd visited all your options in person? Post Tagged #East Campus

University of Vermont SAT Scores

University of Vermont is one of the easier institutes to get in through SAT. Getting admission to this university is a moderately competitive process. If you score pretty well in your SAT, there are good chances of you finding a seat at the school. Let us look at the important numbers first. The University does not have any minimum SAT score required for admission. It indicates the SAT score ranges for the middle 50% of its students. SATÂ  Critical Reading: 550-670 SATÂ  Math: 570-670 SATÂ  Writing: 560-670 The University of Vermont prefers super scores to SAT Scores. It requires applicants to send in all their test scores along with the writing component. Vermont does not require subject tests. You will be well placed for Vermont if you score above 1900 in your SAT. Vermont does not publish an average GPA students but the school states that most of its students are in the B+/A- range. A good application, decently high GPA and a score above 1900 should make you a pretty attractive candidate for Vermont. Start Your SAT Prep.

The Pilgrimage of Grace - Protesting Henry VIII

The Pilgrimage of Grace was an uprising, or rather several uprisings, that took place in the north of England between 1536 and 1537. The people rose against what they saw as the heretical and tyrannical rule of Henry VIII and his chief minister Thomas Cromwell. Tens of thousands of people in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire were involved in the uprising, making the Pilgrimage one of the most unsettling crises of Henrys most unsettled reign. Key Takeaways: The Pilgrimage of Grace The Pilgrimage of Grace (1536–1537) was an uprising of tens of thousands of people, clergy and conservatives, against King Henry VIII.  They sought the reduction of taxes, the re-establishment of the Catholic church and the pope as the religious leader in England, and the replacement of Henrys main advisors.  None of their demands were met, and over 200 of the rebels were executed.  Scholars believe the rebellion failed for lack of leadership and conflicts between the demands of the poor versus those of the gentry. The insurgents crossed class lines, uniting commoners, gentlemen, and lords together for a few brief moments to protest social, economic, and political changes they observed. They believed the issues resulted from Henrys naming himself the Supreme Head of the Church and Clergy of England. Historians today recognize the Pilgrimage as growing out of the end of feudalism and the birth of the modern era. Religious, Political, and Economic Climate in England How the country came to such a dangerous place started with King Henrys romantic entanglements and search to secure an heir. After 24 years of being a jovial, married and Catholic king, Henry divorced his first wife Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn in January of 1533, shocking Catherines supporters. Worse, he also officially divorced himself from the Catholic church in Rome and made himself head of a new church in England. In March of 1536, he began to dissolve the monasteries, forcing the religious clergy to give over their lands, buildings and religious objects. On May 19, 1536, Anne Boleyn was executed, and on May 30th, Henry married his third wife Jane Seymour. The English parliament—deftly manipulated by Cromwell—had met on June 8th to declare his daughters Mary and Elizabeth illegitimate, settling the crown on Janes heirs. If Jane had no heirs, Henry could pick his own heir. Henry did have an acknowledged illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy,1st Duke of Richmond and Somerset (1519–1536), from his mistress, Elizabeth Blount, but he died on July 23rd, and it became clear to Henry that if he wanted a blood heir, he would have to acknowledge Mary or face the fact that one of Henrys great rivals, the King of Scotland James V, was going to be his heir. But in May of 1536, Henry was married, and legitimately—Catherine died in January of that year—and if he had acknowledged Mary, beheaded the hated Cromwell, burnt the heretic bishops that allied themselves with Cromwell, and reconciled himself with Pope Paul III, then the pope would have most likely recognized Jane Seymour as his wife and her children as legitimate heirs. That is essentially what the insurgents wanted. The truth was, even if hed been willing to do all that, Henry couldnt afford it. Henrys Fiscal Issues Jervaulx Abbey was one of the great Cistercian abbeys of Yorkshire, founded in 1156. It was dissolved in 1537, and its last abbot was hanged for his part in the Pilgrimage of Grace. Dennis Barnes / Photographers Choice / Getty Images Plus The reasons for Henrys lack of funds were not strictly his famed extravagance. The discovery of new trade routes and the recent influx of silver and gold from the Americas into England severely depreciated the value of the kings stores: he desperately needed to find a way to increase revenue. The potential worth raised by the dissolution of the monasteries would be a huge influx of cash. The estimated total revenue of the religious houses in England was UK  £130,000 per year—between 64 billion and 34 trillion pounds in todays currency. The Sticking Points The reason the uprisings involved as many people as it did is also the reason they failed: the people were not united in their desires for change. There were several different sets of written and verbal issues that the commoners, gentlemen, and lords had with the King and the way he and Cromwell were handling the country—but each segment of the rebels felt more strongly about one or two but not all of the issues. No taxes during peacetime. Feudal expectations were that the king would pay his own expenses unless the country was at war. A peacetime tax had been in place from the mid-twelfth century, known as the 15th and the 10th. In 1334, the amount of the payments was fixed at a flat rate and paid by the wards to the king—the wards collected 1/10th (10%) of the moveable goods of the people living in the urban areas and paid it to the king, and the rural wards collected 1/15 (6.67%) of those of their residents. In 1535, Henry steeply raised those payments, requiring individuals to pay based on periodic assessments of not just their goods but also their rents, profits, and wages. There were also rumors of taxes to come on sheep and cattle; and of a luxury tax for people making less than 20 pounds per year on such things as white bread, cheese, butter, capons, hens, chickens.The repeal of the Statute of Uses. This unpopular statute was of vital importance to wealthy landowners who held es tates owned by Henry, but less so to the common folk. Traditionally, the landholders could use the feudal dues to support their younger children or other dependents. This statute abolished all such uses so that only the oldest son could derive any income from an estate owned by the KingThe Catholic church should be reestablished. Henrys divorce from Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne Boleyn was only one problem the people had with Henrys changes; the replacement of Pope Paul III as a religious leader to a king who was perceived as a sensualist was inconceivable to the conservative parts of England, who truly believed the switch could only be temporary, now that Anne and Catherine were both dead.The heretic bishops should be deprived and punished. The basic tenet of the Catholic church in Rome was that the supremacy of the king was primary unless to follow his will was heresy, in which case they were morally obligated to work against him. Any clergy who refused to sign an oath siding with Henry was executed, and once the surviving clergy had recognized Henry as the Head of the Church of England (and were, therefore, heretics) they could not go back.No more abbeys should be suppressed. Henry began his changes by taking down the lesser monasteries, describing a laundry list of evils being perpetrated by the monks and abbots, and decreeing that there should be no more than one monastery within five miles of another. There were nearly 900 religious houses in England in the late 1530s, and one adult man in fifty was in religious orders. Some of the abbeys were great landowners, and some of the abbey buildings were hundreds of years old, and often the only permanent building in the rural communities. Their dissolution was a dramatically visible loss to the countryside, as well as an economic loss.Cromwell, Riche, Legh, and Layton should be replaced by noblemen.  People blamed Henrys advisor Thomas Cromwell and other of Henrys councilors for most of their ills. Cromw ell had come to power promising to make Henry the richest king that ever was in England and the population felt that he was to blame what they saw as Henrys corruption. Cromwell was ambitious and smart, but of the lower middle classes, a clothier, solicitor, and moneylender who was convinced that an absolute monarchy was the best form of government.The rebels should be pardoned for their insurrection. None of these had a reasonable chance of success. The First Uprising: Lincolnshire, October 1–18th, 1536 Although there were minor uprisings before and after, the first major assembly of dissident people took place in Lincolnshire  beginning around the first of October, 1536. By Sunday the 8th, there were 40,000 men gathered in Lincoln. The leaders sent a petition to the King outlining their demands, who responded by sending the Duke of Suffolk to the gathering. Henry rejected all of their issues but said if they were willing to go home and submit to the punishment that he would choose, he would eventually pardon them. The commoners went home. The uprising failed on a number of fronts—they had no noble leader to intercede for them, and their object was a mix of religion, agrarian, and political issues without a single aim. They were patently afraid of civil war, probably as much as the King was. Most of all, there were another 40,000 rebels in Yorkshire, who were waiting to see what the Kings response would be before moving forward.   The Second Uprising, Yorkshire, October 6, 1536–January 1537 The second uprising was far more successful, but still ultimately failed. Led by the gentleman Robert Aske, the collective forces took first Hull, then York, the second largest city in England at the time. But, like the Lincolnshire uprising, the 40,000 commoners, gentlemen and nobles did not advance to London but instead wrote to the King their requests. This the King also rejected out of hand–but the messengers bearing the outright rejection were stopped before they reached York. Cromwell saw this disturbance as better organized than the Lincolnshire uprising, and thus more of a danger. Simply rejecting the issues might result in an outbreak of violence. Henrys and Cromwells revised strategy involved delaying the rabble at York for a month or more. A Carefully Orchestrated Delay While Aske and his associates waited for Henrys response, they reached out to the Archbishop and other clergy members, those who had sworn allegiance to the king, for their opinion on the demands. Very few responded; and when forced to read it, the Archbishop himself refused to assist, objecting to the return of papal supremacy. It is very likely that the Archbishop had a better understanding of the political situation than Aske. Henry and Cromwell designed a strategy to divide the gentlemen from their commoner followers. He sent out temporizing letters to the leadership, then in December invited Aske and the other leaders to come to see him. Aske, flattered and relieved, came to London and met with the king, who asked him to write up the history of the uprising—Askes narrative (published word-for-word in Bateson 1890) is one the main sources for the historical work by Hope Dodds and Dodds (1915). Aske and the other leaders were sent home, but the prolonged visit of the gentlemen with Henry was cause for dissension among the commoners who came to believe they had been betrayed by Henrys forces, and by mid-January 1537, most of the military force had left York. Norfolks Charge Next, Henry sent the Duke of Norfolk to take steps to end the conflict. Henry declared a state of martial law and told Norfolk he should go to Yorkshire and the other counties and administer a new oath of allegiance to the King—anyone who did not sign was to be executed. Norfolk was to identify and arrest the ringleaders, he was to turn out the monks, nuns, and canons who still occupied the suppressed abbeys, and he was to turn over the lands to the farmers. The nobles and gentlemen involved in the uprising were told to expect and welcome Norfolk. Once the ringleaders were identified, they were sent to the Tower of London to await trial and execution. Aske was arrested on April 7th, 1537 and committed to the Tower, where he was repeatedly questioned. Found guilty, he was hung at York on July 12th. The rest of the ringleaders were executed according to their station in life—noblemen were beheaded, noble women were burned at the stake. Gentlemen were either sent home to be hung or hung in London and their heads placed on stakes on London Bridge. End of the Pilgrimage of Grace In all, about 216 people were executed, although not all the records of the executions were kept. In 1538–1540, groups of royal commissions toured the country and demanded that the remaining monks surrender their lands and goods. Some didnt (Glastonbury, Reading, Colchester)–and they were all executed. By 1540, all but seven of the monasteries were gone. By 1547, two-thirds of the monastic lands had been alienated, and their buildings and lands either sold at market to the classes of people who could afford them or distributed to local patriots. As to why the Pilgrimage of Grace failed so abysmally, researchers Madeleine Hope Dodds and Ruth Dodds argue that there were four main reasons. The leaders were under the impression that Henry was a weak, good-natured sensualist who was led astray by Cromwell: they were wrong, or at least wrong in understanding the strength and persistence of Cromwells influence. Cromwell was executed by Henry in 1540.  There were no leaders among the rebels with unconquerable energy or willpower. Aske was the most passionate: but if he could not convince the king to accept their demands, the only alternative was to have Henry overthrown, something they could not conceivably succeed in doing on their ownThe conflict between the interests of the gentlemen (higher rents and lower wages) and those of the commoners (lower rents and higher wages) could not be reconciled, and the commoners who made up the numbers of the forces were distrustful of the gentlemen who led them.  The only possible uniting power would have been the church, either the Pope or the English clergy. Neither supported the uprising in any real sense. Sources There have been several recent books on the Pilgrimage of Grace over the past few years, but writers and researching sisters Madeleine Hope Dodds and Ruth Dodds wrote an exhaustive work explaining the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1915 and it is still the main source of information for those new works. Bateson, Mary. The Pilgrimage of Grace. The English Historical Review 5.18 (1890): 330–45. Print.Bernard, G. W. The Dissolution of the Monasteries. History 96.4 (324) (2011): 390–409. Print.Bush, M. L. Enhancements and Importunate Charges: An Analysis of the Tax Complaints of October 1536. Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 22.3 (1990): 403–19. Print.---. Up for the Commonweal: The Significance of Tax Grievances in the English Rebellions of 1536. The English Historical Review 106.419 (1991): 299-318. Print.Hope Dodds, Madeleine, and Ruth Dodds. The Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536–1537 and the Exeter Conspiracy, 1538. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1915. Print.Hoyle, R. W., and A. J. L. Winchester. A Lost Source for the Rising of 1536 in North-West England. The English Historical Review 118.475 (2003): 120–29. Print.Liedl, Janice. The Penitent Pilgrim: William Calverley and the Pilgrimage of Grace. The Sixteenth Century Jour nal 25.3 (1994): 585–94. Print.Schofield, Roger. Taxation Under the Early Tudors, 1485–1547. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.

Why Do Heat Index and Wind Chill Temperatures Exist

Unlike air temperature  which tells how warm or cool the actual air around you  is, apparent temperature tells you how warm or cool your body thinks the air is. The apparent, or feels-like temperature, takes into account the real air temperature plus how other weather conditions, like humidity and  wind, can modify what the air feels like. Not familiar with this term? More than likely, the two types of apparent temperature -- wind chill and heat index -- are more recognizable.   The Heat Index: How Humidity Makes Air Feel Hotter During summer, most people are concerned with what the daily high temperature  will be. But if you really want an idea of how hot it will get, youd do better to pay attention to the heat index temperature. The heat index is a measure of how hot it feels outdoors as a result of air temperature and relative humidity combined. If youve ever stepped outside on a fair 70-degree day and found that it feels more like 80 degrees, then youve experienced the heat index firsthand. Heres what happens.  When the human body overheats, it cools itself by perspiring, or sweating; heat is then removed from the body by evaporation of that sweat. Humidity, however, slows the rate of this evaporation. The more moisture the surrounding air contains, the less moisture its able to absorb from the skins surface through evaporation. With less evaporation occurring, less heat is removed from the body, and thus, you feel hotter. For example, an air temperature of 86 °F and a relative humidity of 90% can make it feel like a steamy 105 °F outside your door! The Wind Chill: Winds Blow Heat Away From the Body The opposite of the heat index is the wind chill temperature. It measures how cold it feels outdoors when wind speed is factored in with the actual air temperature. Why does the wind make it feel cooler? Well, during the wintertime, our bodies heat (through convection) a thin layer of air just next to our skin. This layer of warm air helps insulate us from the surrounding cold. But when the cold winter wind blows across our exposed skin or clothes, it carries this warmth away from our bodies. The faster the wind blows, the faster the heat is carried away. If the skin or clothes are wet, the wind will lower the temperature even more quickly, since moving air evaporates the moisture at a quicker rate than still air would. Apparent Temperatures Can Have REAL  Health Effects Although the heat index isnt a real temperature, our bodies react to it like it is. When the heat index is  expected to exceed 105-110 °F for 2 or more consecutive days, the NOAA National Weather Service will issue excessive heat alerts for an area. At these apparent temperatures, the skin essentially cant breathe. If the body overheats to 105.1 °F or more, it is at risk for  heat illnesses, such  as  heat stroke. Similarly, the bodys response to a loss of heat by the wind chill is to move heat away from the internal areas to the surface is able to maintain an appropriate body temperature there. The drawback to this is if the body is unable to replenish the heat being lost, a drop in core body temperature occurs. And if core temperature drops below 95 °F (the required temperature for keeping up normal body functions) frostbite and hypothermia could occur. When Does Apparent Temperature Kick In? Heat index and wind chill temperatures only exist on random days and at certain times of the year. What determines when this is? The heat index is activated  when... the air temperature is 80 °F (27 °C) or higher,the dew point temperature is 54 °F (12 °C) or higher, andthe relative humidity is 40% or more. Wind chill is activated  when... the air temperature is 40 °F (4 °C) or less, andwind speed is 3 mph or greater. Heat Index and Wind Chill Charts If the wind chill or heat index is activated, these temperatures will be shown in your current weather, alongside the real air temperature.   To see  how different weather conditions mix to create heat indices and wind chills, check out the heat index chart and wind chill chart, courtesy of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

North Central College Admissions SAT, Acceptance Rate

The Code Of Academic Integrity And Promote Ethical...

Honors Pledge: As a student of the Dr. Robert B. Pamplin Jr. School of Business I have read and strive to uphold the University’s Code of Academic Integrity and promote ethical behavior. In doing so, I pledge on my honor that I have not given, received, or used any unauthorized materials or assistance on this examination or assignment. I further pledge that I have not engaged in cheating, forgery, or plagiarism and I have cited all appropriate sources. Student Signature:_Kilin Ung__ Kilin Ung ECN 120 Section D Written Exercise on US Income and Wealth Inequality, Mobility, and Educational Opportunity 1. In 1976, the richest 1% of the population got 9% of the income, whereas in 2012 they got nearly a quarter of the income (Ariely, 2013). This shows how much income inequality has shifted within a short amount of time. It also represents how the people with the money tend to make increasingly more money every year. Some factors that skew inequality are politics, globalization and technology. The rich have a disproportionate say in the policies that benefit the rich because they have the money to support a campaign for their causes. Globalization increases the standard of living all around which helps the poor but it makes the rich now a lot richer than everybody else. Technology is a huge factor in efficiency that separates the rich from the poor because technology is available to those who can afford it while those who can’t fall behind. Skill Based TechnologicalShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of Academic Integrity1225 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic integrity continues to be an i mportant issue of public concern especially in higher education institutions. There are countless articles that report students cheating on examinations, plagiarizing written assignments, and collaborating with others when such behavior is prohibited. 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Characteristics of English Advertising Free Essays

Characteristics of English Advertising 2. Definition of advertising As with any aspect of language contact phenomena, research on CS is plagued by the thorny issue of terminological confusion. Many linguists consider. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of English Advertising or any similar topic only for you Order Now (Romaine, 1994) Not all researchers use the same terms in the same way, nor do they agree on the territory covered by terms such as †¦. 2. 2 Classification of English advertising Research on †¦has recently been the subject of considerable debate. 2. 2. 1 Attitudes Should †¦in foreign language classroom settings will be mentioned with a critical perspective. 2. 2. 3 Two After discussing what have been done on the issue of †¦worldwide, the following part now turn briefly to two pieces of research into the issue in China. 3 Translation of English Advertising Based on the above research questions, two prior constructs were assumed f†¦ Thereafter, the paper will discuss the findings and their pedagogical implications. 3. 1 Principles 3. 1. 1 English translation 32 teachers ( half of EFL Chinese teachers in Hubei University of Technology), 10 of whom are teaching English majors and 22 of them teaching College English to non-English majors. . 1. 2 English translation 100 English majors (EM students) and 100 non-English majors (CE students) were selected respectively. 3. 2 Translation techniques Then, the discussion of the interview questions was transcribed and the field notes and transcripts were analyzed to flesh out major patterns in the teachers †¦ in the classroom. 4 Translation of English Advertising Based on the above research questi ons, two prior constructs were assumed f†¦ Thereafter, the paper will discuss the findings and their pedagogical implications. . 1 English translation 4. 1. 1 English translation 32 teachers ( half of EFL Chinese teachers in Hubei University of Technology), 10 of whom are teaching English majors and 22 of them teaching College English to non-English majors. 4. 1. 2 English translation 100 English majors (EM students) and 100 non-English majors (CE students) were selected respectively. 4. 2 Translation techniques Then, the discussion of the interview questions was transcribed and the field How to cite Characteristics of English Advertising, Essay examples

Public Relation Adaptation Plan for Empowerment - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about thePublic Relation Adaptation Plan for Empowerment. Answer: Introduction True in the corporate social responsibility as one of the main benefactor of women health and empowerment, Avon, one of the known brands in womens cosmetics and products launched a Global program known as Kiss Goodbye to breast cancer in the year of 2001. The key objectives of the programs was to create awareness and raise funds to improve provide better support to the cause of breast cancer as well as support for the research of breast cancer cure. Over the last 25 years and with the support of Avons six millions customers, representatives, Avon walkers and employees have donated more than $800 million to the breast cancer causes as well as educating about 180 million women about the disease. Avon is supposed to debut its campaign in South Africa in partnership to the South African Cancer Society. Avon, South Africa launches its own Kiss Goodbye to breast cancer campaign on November 2017. The awareness program will uphold the significance of the campaign stating the significance of awareness and early detection of the disease through celebrities, charitable events, walk for cause and media relations from the different departments of public, private and entertainment world. The fundraising part of the campaign would feature the sale of limited edition lipsticks from November through December until January 2018. Ten South African rand to be donated on every lipstick that is to be sold for the support and welfare of cancer patients and support the cancer research initiative to benefit the South African women and come from the less privileged segregation of the population (Hendrix, Hayes Kumar, 2012). Current situation: The Kiss Goodbye to Breast Cancer campaign by Avon had launched in the year 2001for the first time. The campaign has emphasized on the significance of raising awareness in women and early detection of the disease as the best cure. In Philippines this campaign has collaborated with the Philippine General Hospital Cancer Institute and established a breast care centre there along with purchasing a new mammography machine for the centre. Taking this program to South Africa would require some changes in the policy due to the cultural difference in both the countries. Cultural Dimensions: Individualism This is a fundamental issue that has been addressed in the cultural dimension. The Philippines is a country with a score of 32 which is considered to be a collectivistic society. It indicates that there is a close knit commitment with all the group members and there is a sense of loyalty in the culture as well (Mazodier Merunka, 2012)). On the other hand, South Africa has a score of 65 and it is considered as an individualist society. This indicates that the social framework in the country is loosely knit and most individuals are expected to look out for their own selves (Ijabadeniyi, Govender Veerasamy, 2015). Therefore, this PR campaign should be targeted mostly towards the individual development in place of mass development in Philippines. Power Distance With the score 94, the Philippines is considered to be hierarchical society. People in this country tend to accept the hierarchical order where each person has a certain place and no justification is provided. However, South Africa has an entirely different power distance dimension with the score 49 which indicates that in the hierarchical order, the subordinates are expected to be instructed and expect an autocrat culture within the organization. Mostly it has been found out that with the higher power distance such as the Philippines, the government has a major control on the society, therefore the campaign should also make a close relationship with the government officials. However in case of South Africa, the PR practitioners should not have to take such initiatives. Masculinity Scoring 64, the Philippines is a masculine society that is driven by achievement, competition and success. The managers in such a society are expected to be assertive and decisive. In a similar way, South Africa also scores 63 in this cultural dimension and considered to be a masculine society too. Therefore, in this respect, there will be no such changes in the PR campaign. Uncertainty Avoidance The Philippines scores 44 on this cultural dimension, therefore it has a low performance of avoiding uncertainty. Therefore, it is evident that the country has a relaxed approach while working with the principles. South Africa also scores similar in the dimension, therefore the schedules are flexible, punctuality is not necessary and innovation is not considered to be a threatening approach. However, it should also be mentioned that in such a culture, the individuals may have to work hard for convincing the clients in terms of addressing the potential and urgent issues. Long term Orientation The Philippines has a low score (27) in this dimension which indicates that the country is more normative than being pragmatic. In a similar way, South Africa also scores low (34) in this dimension showing that people have a strong concern in such a society in order to establish the truth. Social Context Filipino women have a higher mortality rate out of breast cancer than any other country. However, it has been observed that they lack in knowledge regarding the significance of breast cancer. On the contrary, in South Africa, around 49.7% women know at least three breast cancer symptoms. However, larger sections of women are still unaware of the disease and its cure. Therefore, through Avons campaign, the PR professionals have targeted the women through the help of television, radio and other print media for raising the awareness. Political Context In the Philippines, the government has started few cancer control programs and cancer control centers. Avons campaign has been critically approved from the public relation industry in the country as well. On the contrary, South Africa still does not have much government support in the public relations industry for raising awareness for breast cancer (Mazanec et al., 2015). Therefore, the PR professionals in South Africa will also require gaining the trust of government officials for making it an official awareness raising campaign. Economic context The Philippines has one of the fastest growing economies in Asia. Therefore, it is much easier for raising any awareness program in the country. On the other hand, South African economy is suffering from different adverse factors. The unemployment rate is higher; therefore raising such an awareness program may face several issues at the initial stage. The rate of breast cancer is also higher in the women coming from a lower poverty line. Therefore, the PR program may face difficulties at the initial stage as these women may not avail Avons lipstick. Therefore, the campaign should make effective steps for targeting all women in the country. Public relations context The Public Relations Society of Philippines has received award of excellence, which indicate that the government is also making effective steps for reaching the general population. However, the scenario is entirely different in South Africa, therefore the PR program should approach to the government officials as well. Target Public: The target audience is mostly the women who are coming from middle and lower income group as the breast cancer rate is higher within this class. The campaign may include local celebrities for gaining the attention of the target group. Media The PR campaign should involve all the available digital media such as television, radio and the print media. Other than that, the campaign should also involve social media for raising more awareness amongst women. Ethical issues: Push selling the lipsticks may be considered to be unethical sometimes, therefore while raising the awareness for breast cancer programs, the PR professionals should ensure that the program should not turn into a mere push selling program, rather it should focus more on the awareness raising program. Objectives The campaign that has been scheduled to make its debut in south Africa would be a twofold program campaign. The primary objective is to create an increased awareness amongst the South African women about the complications and occurrence of breast cancer. The second objective is to raise funds for every breast cancer patient both able and under-privileged as well as fund the research to mitigate the occurrences and create an alternative cure for the disease to diminish the after effects of the usual cancer treatments on the external appearance of women. The campaign is programmed to be operated in collaboration with the South African Cancer Society (Grunig, 2013). The Kiss Goodbye to Breast Cancer is a multiple year campaign. The project is a segment of the overall positioning of Avon as a socially responsible corporate organization that actively supports women health and women empowerment. The reason adopting these objectives being, breast cancer is a worldwide concern and millions of women suffer the aftermath of cancer diagnosis. This initiative has been taken with a motive to help such women in urgent need of both moral and financial support. Strategies The strategies that are supposed to be used are more or less similar to the previous campaign that had taken place. The reason for using such strategies being, the effectiveness and having the potential to grab the attention of the targeted audiences as well as reach to over to a larger segment to spread the message as well as impact effectively. For the optimal impact of the awareness part of the campaign, Avon, South Africa would target the opinionated leaders in the media and shall used known faces as well as celebrities to spread the message amongst the masses. The Avon employees, especially the women would be deployed along with the South African Cancer Society volunteers to have a face to face interaction with the target audiences. The action strategies includes the maintenance of the same corporate culture without making any major change in the approach with regards to the Kiss Goodbye to Breast cancer campaign. The company has already positioned itself as a cultivator of corporate social responsibility since the 1990s. Therefore, it would not be a difficult to establish itself in the advocacy of womens health and empowerment. The campaign is not a do alone project so Avon would be forming collaborations with the media moguls, celebrities, cancer support network agencies and the South African Cancer Society. With this joint venture, Avon would ensure an authenticity in the adopted cause. The communication strategies would ensure a high rate of visibility in the conducted campaign. The communication strategy that would aware about the setbacks due to the lack of effective communication can be achieved with proper implementation and use of strategies to efficiently transfer the message to the masses. Careful selection of the media and the target audience would ensure the success of conducting the awareness program and the campaign. Although South Africa is a diverse country in its cultures and diversity, English is the common understandable language that can be used to propagate the message. In other parts of the region where there are different cultural division, the respective lingual translation can be helpful for understanding the campaign message and the awareness program. It should also be taken into consideration that the effective knowledge in the language does not necessarily means the possession of effective subject knowledge, in this case knowledge about bre ast cancer. The precise and medicated terminologies that are to be used should be made by bout knowledgeable as well as well communicative health workers, who are to be accompanied by the Avon employees to explain and discuss about the purpose of the campaign and its advantages. Tactics The effective tactics that can be used in this campaign is to use the celebrities and well recognized faced in the television who are going to support the campaign all throughout the three months long duration. The special celebrity endorse products with specific and customized designs related to use of attractive colors, mostly pink can be used to attract the attention of the masses. The redesigning of the fliers with effective message in catchy phrases and added on colors would ensure a better customer reach. Catch lines such as A LIPSTICK can change your life, would be helpful to keep a ambiguity and curiosity amongst the masses, who would be eager to know more about the matter in concern. Effective knowledge dispersion related to the self-examination methods can be well illustrated since the methods are similar and do not have much change in nature. Evaluation However, no formal evolution method can be conducted except for the feedback form that can be used to understand and analyze the effectiveness of the entire campaign conducted by Avon. Although, the Avon South African senior public relations manager can do look forward to check the effective dispersion of the message and the campaign as well as the efficient use of the medium of propagation. This evaluation can be done to understand and analyze the necessary changes that can be done on the same campaign, in the future. References Grunig, J. E. (Ed.). (2013).Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Hendrix, J. A., Hayes, D. C., Kumar, P. D. (2012).Public relations cases. Cengage Learning.. Ijabadeniyi, A., Govender, J. P., Veerasamy, D. (2015). The Influence Of Cultural Diversity On Marketing Communication: A Case Of Africans And Indians In Durban, South Africa.International Business Economics Research Journal (IBER),14(6), 869-882. Mazanec, J. A., Crotts, J. C., Gursoy, D., Lu, L. (2015). Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of cultural values: An item-response theoretical approach applying Hofstede's cultural dimensions in a single nation.Tourism Management,48, 299-304. Mazodier, M., Merunka, D. (2012). Achieving brand loyalty through sponsorship: the role of fit and self-congruity.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,40(6), 807-820.

Woolworth Strategic Problem Recommendation -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Woolworth Strategic Problem Recommendation? Answer: Introduction Slide 1y- Woolworths has been known in the Australian market for its 50 percent holding in the alcohol retail which now occupies 49.2 percent of the market. Woolworths has spread their clutches on almost ever aspect of Australian lifestyle amounting to a 72.5 percent of the entire $82 billion grocer sector. In the year 2013, Woolworths boasted of operating around 1, 355 liquor stores spanning the entire country. Slide 2- However, recently a severe loophole in their system caused hundreds of panic-stricken customers to complain against Woolworths of undue transactions from bank account (NewsComAu 2018). Various social media sites were used as the platform in order to stage the protests at the extremely lapse state of operation and management from Woolworths side. Woolworths has formed a loyal customer based over years of providing with excellent service however, the company faced a backlash due to their own incompetency. The transaction has claimed an undue $800. The chaos and confusion instilled a new fear amongst the customer which made them question the reasons behind Woolworths possession of their card details. Slide 3- The doubts were further aggravated due to cyber crime and the customers were enraged even after repeated assurance from the management to resolve the entire issue. One of the famous Australian newspapers, The Sydney Morning Herald has confirmed that a huge error in the data center has caused the uproar and the same could have consequent in major theft from peoples accounts. Politicians and professors have questioned the breach if privacy and trust that Woolworths management has committed by unlawful retention of data even after a prolonged period of time following the transaction. This has significantly defamed the PR and executives who tried industriously to resolve the matter as their social media pages were filled accusations and derogatory messages for Woolworths and HRM. The media spokespersons had repeated highlighted the trauma and stress that the above incident caused on the general mass. It also shook their faith in the online transactional process and the authority to possess card/account details of customers by Cuscal. Australian news channels like ABC News and Sky News Australia collected opinions from several others workers in various retail stores. According to sources, the Woolworths scandal had severely hampered the transactional process across the retail stores in Australia. In order to steer clear of mismanagement and confusion, severa l banks and retailers had opted for automated messages. However, these measures and steps have failed to obliterate suspicion and hesitations from the mind of customers. Several Financial Planners and Investment Analysts have predicted the customers to blame bank authorities in case of erroneous transactions. Content Analysis of Secondary Sources Secondary Source 1- One of the best Australian blogs had advised for the development of a strategic business response that will improve the communication process that Woolworths have had with their customers previously. Their approach should be a clear indication of their seriousness towards the concerns and issues faced by the customers (Montalvo 2016). Source 2- The Financial Review had criticized Woolworths for their lack of response on the social media sites (Financial Review 2018). The apparent lack of assurance from their end failed to pacify the situation and it increased uncertainties amongst the customers. Media spokespersons have commented on the ridiculousness of the entire affair especially in an age of social media that has been serving as an effective platform for advertising of companies and PR. The situation provoked a feeling of wariness amongst the common people of the gigantic corporations that have taken hold of the Australian market. The PR personnel should be held responsible for dealing with comments that straightforwardly showcased extreme annoyance and disregard towards the Woolworths group. Source 3- The Star has written on the unlawful eradication of offers and discounts on the final billing at Woolworths. Repeated occurrences were recorded to take place in the branches of Sea Point and Green Point. Irrespective of bonus points and discounts, the customers allegedly paid the full price of different products. Source 4- On several social media sites, agitated customers, especially those who are inclined towards law and order, have suggested Woolworths to adapt the policy of retail and billing prevalent in South Africa. It means that they have to provide the commodity for free if they are incorrectly charging for the same (Edelman and Wright 2015). Source 5- Mumbrella has written about how customers have accused Woolworths of poor management of their rewards system and unethical extraction of customers money. Customers argue that the system is complicated and not in the least beneficial for the customers. This had already reduced trust and confidence on the customers end and the data retention scandal degraded the situation further. Source 6- Many customers on Elsevier has raised questions regarding the lack of customer oriented programs and strategies even after repeated mismanagement and wrong transactions. It has stated how Woolworths has consequently lost a strong market position and its competitive edge. Source 7- News.com.au has questioned the ethics regarding their whole transaction system and the number of times they have exploited the customers. It has quoted several flustered customers pointing to a breach in ethics and code in relation to the massive power that they exercise through market share and size. Source 8- A reporter working with The Guardian, has collected in-depth information about the recent crisis in Woolworths has written about how various customers had to reschedule their entire schedule due to the error in transaction. Some people had to stay away from works while others had to give up on the days shopping of essential merchandises (Michaelson et al 2014). The newspaper stated this as a major reason why Woolworths never managed to bag a five star like Foodland and Aldi. Their consistent poor performance has finally made them to consider about shutting down stores which will cost 500 workers their jobs. Source 9- the Herald Sun has blamed a number of factors accentuating the mismanagement and drop of customer satisfaction. Some of the pronounced reasons are store layout, little value for money and the freshness of products which Woolworths has repeatedly failed to furnish the customers with. Market analysts have expressed dissatisfaction with Woolworths incapability of fighting back at the face of its rivals like Coles. As a result Woolworths has been witnessing a slowed down market growth and employee morale. Source 10- Australian forum artforum.com.au has written about the extremely poor management system of Woolworths which again as a chain reaction has affected the price perception capacity of Woolworths. These factors had pulled them towards the periphery thereby making Aldi and Coles more popular. Apart from the value for money prospect Woolworths has regressed even in the criteria of promotion and advertisement more than fifty percent of the customers have posted negative comments on web forums regarding the price and quality of the products. Woolworths lacks customers who are driven by value, convenience and quality services, surprisingly Woolworths has done very little to work on the same (So, Danaher and Gupta 2015). SWOT Analysis of Woolworths Leadership Quality- Woolworths possesses superior quality leaders who possess the strategies necessary to make the retail sector thrive. Woolworths has acquired a strong foothold in the Australian market sector with its proper implementation and usage of resources like technological and human resources. Brand Positioning- over years of providing consistent services, Woolworths has created a niche for itself in the supermarket and has created a strong brand image for itself. Their qualities of products and value based price have played a fundamental part. Networking- Woolworths has been operating in the market a number of subsidiaries which has enabled it to become a part of larger corporate family. Woolworths has also been able to offset profit from one subsidiary in case of incurring loss from the other. Weaknesses Weak Global Market Presence- the retailer should now emphasis on expanding its global market presence like its rival competitors by setting up shops overseas. They have delayed their international expansion and this can be considered as a major weakness especially when other companies are entering into cheaper markets like Vietnam. Staggering in online sales- Woolworths has failed to convert its physical presence into virtual, this is crucial especially in a time when Australian supermarket is hugely dependant on online stores. Opportunities Brand promotion through media- Woolworths has created an advertising campaign that has concentrated on value based brand promotion more than price. The creativity has immensely helped Woolworths in conveying a positive message to the consumers. Potential Growth in sales- Market analysts have predicted that the major retail companies like Woolworths and Coles will dominate with the implementation of online sale option. Recession- the risk of recession can significantly affect the market sector as it can decrease the manufacturers stock price and as a result affect the companys stock price. The other most affected sector will be productivity and employee. Due to recession the company may even has to eliminate a number of workers. Strategic Problems and Recommendations for Woolworths: Woolworths should develop strategies so as to renew the trust and confidence of the customers and to ensure that they are completing grocery shopping at Woolworths itself. Woolworth can therefore stretch the range of products and can eventually include producer branded foods. One of the many strategic problems today faced by Woolworths is the significant decrease in the number of sales and is losing its market share in the sector of fast food and quality services (Lewis and Huber 2015). Previously they had created an essentially flawed Cheap-Cheap campaign which subverted the brand image in front of the customers. As Woolworths competes through Price, Quality, Range and Services their primary focus should be to provide ethically sourced products. They should bear in consideration the price and discounts offered by the rival competitors in order to differentiate and upgrade itself (Edelman and Wright 2015). In order to handle the negative publicity that Woolworths has gathered from print media and social sites, Woolworths should concentrate on providing cutting edge customer service and technical support. The routine should include staff training and proper grooming (Taneja, Sewell and Odom 2015). They should introduce loyalty system on the cards which will be more customer-oriented providing exciting offers and benefits on a number of products. The steps could be implemented only after a careful analysis of quantitative and qualitative data regarding what will serve as the best (Crane and Matten 2016) In order to assess the major discrepancies in the accounts book Woolworths should maintain a tight security system in self-serve check-outs. This will effectively eradicate the theft of items and deliberate cheating in the self-served check out section Woolworths faces a severe crisis in staff performance and retention. One of the factors that have stimulated the same is low employee motivation and morale. This can simultaneously affected employee performance, meeting work objectives. In this case, Woolworths should consider employee motivation as a fundamental aspect of HRM (Brewster, Boselie and Purpura 2018). Like several other well-established business organizations, have adopted the systematic personal counselling through the employers health schemes (Taneja, Sewell and Odom 2015). The same aims to provide aid and assistance to the employees or their family suffering from excessive stress and anxiety. Career counselling will be one of the constructive ways through which Woolworths can retain old and talented employees and prevent them from choosing alternate career options or better organizations. Reference List: Bowen, J.T. and Chen McCain, S.L., 2015. Transitioning loyalty programs: a commentary on the relationship between customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(3), pp.415-430. Brewster, C., Boselie, P. and Purpura, C., 2018. HRM in the International Organizations. In HRM in Mission Driven Organizations (pp. 79-114). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. Bull, J.W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., Lambini, C.K., Rawlins, M., Baral, H., Zhringer, J. and Carter-Silk, E., 2016. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework. Ecosystem services, 17, pp.99-111. Crane, A. and Matten, D., 2016. Business ethics: Managing corporate citizenship and sustainability in the age of globalization. Oxford University Press. Edelman, B. and Wright, J., 2015. Markets with price coherence. Harvard Business School. Financial Review. 2018. Woolworths customers billed twice in payments glitch. [online] Available at: https://www.afr.com/business/retail/woolworths-customers-billed-twice-in-payments-glitch-20170807-gxr15n [Accessed 30 Jan. 2018]. Lewis, T. and Huber, A., 2015. A revolution in an eggcup? Supermarket wars, celebrity chefs and ethical consumption. Food, Culture Society, 18(2), pp.289-307. Li, H., Guan, Z. and Cui, Y., 2017. Customer Churn Prediction Based on BG/NBD Model. Luxton, S., Reid, M. and Mavondo, F., 2015. Integrated marketing communication capability and brand performance. Journal of Advertising, 44(1), pp.37-46. Michaelson, C., Pratt, M.G., Grant, A.M. and Dunn, C.P., 2014. Meaningful work: Connecting business ethics and organization studies. Journal of Business Ethics, 121(1), pp.77-90. Montalvo, R.E., 2016. Social media management. International Journal of Management Information Systems (Online), 20(2), p.45. NewsComAu. 2018. I love paying for my groceries twice. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/thousands-of-woolworths-customers-billed-twice-for-purchases-made-in-march/news-story/771da82d714578a0e5d9c4f1d5240129 [Accessed 30 Jan. 2018]. Niedermeier, K.E., Wang, E. and Zhang, X., 2016. The use of social media among business-to-business sales professionals in China: How social media helps create and solidify guanxi relationships between sales professionals and customers. Journal of Research in Interactive Marketing, 10(1), pp.33-49. So, J.T., Danaher, T. and Gupta, S., 2015. What do customers get and give in return for loyalty program membership?. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 23(3), pp.196-206. Spivey, M.D., 2014. Re-reading economics in literature: A capitalist critical perspective. Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Sultan, P., Wong, H.Y. and Sigala, M., 2018. Segmenting the Australian organic food consumer market. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 30(1), pp.163-181. Suzor, N.P., Pappalardo, K.M. and McIntosh, N., 2017. The passage of Australias data retention regime: national security, human rights, and media scrutiny. Internet Policy Review, 6(1). Taneja, S., Sewell, S.S. and Odom, R.Y., 2015. A culture of employee engagement: A strategic perspective for global managers. Journal of Business Strategy, 36(3), pp.46-56. NewsComAu. (2018). I love paying for my groceries twice. [online] Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/thousands-of-woolworths-customers-billed-twice-for-purchases-made-in-march/news-story/771da82d714578a0e5d9c4f1d5240129 [Accessed 30 Jan. 2018].

Reaction paper of Departures Essay Example

Reaction paper of Departures Essay Death-maybe It was one thing or maybe it was another. But still, it all falls down to one man (or one woman) lying, waiting to affably having themselves burled while their loved ones mourn, grieve, or even dramatically act as though thieve affected as the eulogy or the final blessing is delivered. But that one depends on culture, and maybe the background of the deceased. But still the celebration of someone who passed away is considered celestial birthday party. Death is celebrated as though it was birth. Thus, preparation is needed and is accordingly applied. The discussion about the movie Departures about the preparation of the deceased would be elaborated through this, or my, reaction paper. The movie Departures, embraces the cultural value of Japanese society In accordance about their dead. Departures was very insightful into its depiction of the many facets of life and death. Although this film about a man who lost his Job being a cello player in orchestral group and ended up with the practice of preparing the dead, it is more focused on showing the unique burial process in Japans culture. We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction paper of Departures specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction paper of Departures specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Reaction paper of Departures specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The protagonist named Adagio had an argument tit his friend and his wife In the choice of his new job. I understood why his friend, along with his wife had doubt about his work, because, personally, I also agree that It is very unusual to work with the deceased especially help them in preparation for their travel. But still he stood in his ground and pursued his new Job, never forgetting his love and passion for cello playing. When he is depressed after his wife left him, he made as his emotional outlet leading him to survive each passing day with the strength to work harder and move forward, Before I watched this movie, I had no Idea hat the bodies were prepared directly In front of the family; kind of creepy In my opinion. This movie is quite lively despite Its focus upon death. It Is a highly enjoyable movie, you can learn a lot of moral lessons, like, always be prepared as to what will happen and enjoy every second with your loved ones before they are gone. This movie has taught as, personally, not to wait for any person to pass before actually treasuring and realizing how important they are to us. It had a remarkable storyline that showed the uniqueness of Japans culture. In the movie, I saw rituals hat are only followed by few, yet are greatly valued since It represents the sendoff of a person that was once living and breathing with us. After watching this film, I felt that I respected for those people who are involved in funeral processes, more than before. It is a job that is often times looked upon as dull, depressing and pessimistic. However, this film also portrays this profession in a positive light that allows us to respect the traditional funeral process that remains existent because of the effort these people. Distaffs mall Job can be called insufficient, the movie depicted the exact meaning of the term: ritual of preparing the deceased conducted In front of grieving family members. This complex process involves an almost radicalized washing, meticulous grooming and careful disrobing and clothing, once more, of the deceased. All this done while exposing a little or no skin to preserve the dignity of the dead. The disposition or conclusion of this movie is my favorite, when Mike, Adagios wife, returned after a few months with the news that she was pregnant, hoping her unsound would change Into another Jon. But, seen was addle to accept near anacondas reversion when she handedly witnessed the Job Adagio had. She stood, an inspector of her husband as he groomed a family friend and an owner of the bath house. It also dishearten me because the owner celebrated her last Christmas Just with a friend and not with her family. At the same time it made me angry with her son that always forced her to sell the bath house so that he can build a condominium on the spot. When his mother died he repented and said sorry to his mother, but it was already too late, cannot hear her forgiveness. But the most touching part was when Adagio saw his father for the last time. He remembered the forgotten face of his man, because he was still young when his father ran away with their waitress. He Just kept it himself how angry he was to his father. His mother was the only one who worked hard to raise him. But when he saw him again, he gained back his love for his father, especially when he notice the stone that the man were kept on his hands. The stone symbolizes their promises to each other but not granted, due to the reason his father ran away with another girl. Adagio, when he still young, he gave a small white stone and symbolizes how pure and loved his father He was the one who prepared his ether for his departure and forgave him for what he had done in the past. I really like this film. The plot was plausible and the theme was unique but appealing. It is a kind of film that depicts culture, life and also death. Acceptance, grieving and moving on. It also deliver the importance of time and relevance. That part of human ignorance and arrogance that we should avoid in order to neglect regret and to live life happily, contented and peacefully before death actually slaps us in face and gives of how we are more unfair than reality. Thus, I conclude that this film is actually a film worth watching and learning from.

Boyles Law Definition in Chemistry

Boyle's Law Definition in Chemistry Boyles law states that the pressure of an ideal gas increases as its container volume decreases. Chemist and physicist Robert Boyle published the law in 1662. The gas law is sometimes called Mariottes law or the Boyle-Mariotte law because French physicist Edme Mariotte independently discovered the same law in 1679. Boyles Law Equation Boyles law is an ideal gas law where at a constant temperature, the volume of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its absolute pressure. There are a couple of ways of expressing the law as an equation. The most basic one states: PV k where P is pressure, V is volume, and k is a constant. The law may also be used to find the pressure or volume of a system when the temperature is held constant: PiVi PfVf where: Pi initial pressureVi initial volumePf final pressureVf final volume Boyles Law and Human Breathing Boyles law may be applied to explain how people breathe and exhale air. When the diaphragm expands and contracts, lung volume increases and decreases, changing the air pressure inside of them. The pressure difference between the interior of the lungs and the external air produces either inhalation or exhalation. Sources Levine, Ira. N (1978). Physical Chemistry. University of Brooklyn: McGraw-Hill.Tortora, Gerald J. and Dickinson, Bryan. Pulmonary Ventilation in  Principles of Anatomy and Physiology  11th edition. Hoboken: John Wiley Sons, Inc., 2006, pp. 863-867.

Self regulation and adolescent choices in friends Essay

Self regulation and adolescent choices in friends - Essay Example Hence, Self efficacy and Choice is the topic that deserves to be analyzed and substantiated for. Recent studies on self regulation have provided an insight into how students effectively respond to influences from the outside and then integrate them with their personal experiences. In the opinion of Michael Blocher, who has analyzed individual behavior, â€Å"Self- regulation has been recently studied to provide understanding for attributes of how traditional classroom students use their cognition, meta cognition and motivation to provide a successful learning experience. Locus of self- control, learning style, self regulation skills form a part of the wholesome development of the individual as a student, a researcher and as a learned scholar† (Blocher). This fact is crucial enough to provide proof to the fact that self regulation skills are essential to the formation of attitudes, behavior styles as well as response to external environment. Further, linkages between self regulatory processes and achievement are noted to be co existent factors. In a certain assessment for 3 years, among 732 children, who were identified as possessing lower grades, it was deduced that lower achieving students were not given initiation into self regulatory methods. This draws insight into the fact that early efforts to promote self efficacy in children, self regulatory skills would enhance further academic performance, promote self belief and enhance achievement, particularly in literacy. (Liew, p.515-526). Academic performance depends largely on the ability of the student to integrate scholastic knowledge with personal experience. The ability to synthesize knowledge with experience is the chief faculty of adolescents. â€Å"They posses increasingly higher levels of abstract thinking, engage in more sophisticated and elaborate information and their processing

Situation analysis of Grill`d Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Situation analysis of Grill`d - Essay Example The paper presents a brief situation analysis of Grill’d comprising major components to it; market analysis, product analysis, competition, distribution analysis and SWOT analysis etc. This paper highlighted that Grill’d, though started as a small upstart in 2004, has now emerged to be a big company operating through 51 own and franchised businesses and delivering quality and fresh burgers across major towns of Australia. Local marketing has been a significant marketing strategy, whereas franchising and Airstream by which it sends its van with burgers to various programs and events are other significant distribution strategies. As far as competition is concerned, the company faces quite fierce competition from local as well as multinationals such as McDonald and Burger King. It has more opportunities since it can always ensure its presence whenever there are events or festivals. To develop a comprehensive marketing plan about the product or service being marketed usually requires formative research that can flesh out details of strengths and opportunities the firm experiences. With a situation analysis, the firm can look inward to understand its strengths and weaknesses and look outward to see what its opportunities and threats are. Grill’d is a chain of burger bars designing, making and selling fresh, healthy and quality beef, chicken breast and lamb burgers. When the first Gril’d restaurant was opened in Melbourne in March 2004, it has truly caused people to think of ‘quality meal-sized burgers’ to be available in parts of Australia and the dream became reality that the company opened as many as more than 45 branches in several regions of Australia such as Brisbane, Coolangatta, Sydney, Newscattle etc. (Franchise Business, 2012) The company operates through its won as well as franchised stores with a view to meet an on going and ever increasing demand for quality hamburgers made with fresh and fine ingredients of chicken and beef. As far the basic marketing concept is concerned, it should start with potential customer needs, but not with production process (Perreault, Cannon and McCarthy, p. 6). A successful marketer is one who anticipates needs and determines what specific goods or services to be offered to target the customers. Grill’d is another example for how successfully a marketer can anticipate needs and thus seize marketing opportunities. It has been a major reason why Grill’d is Australia’s one of the fastest growing hamburger retail networks (dcstrategy.com, 2012). It not only anticipated the customer needs for burgers, but also the latent customers’ seeking of quality, fresh and fine ingredients for food or related items available in the market. The Market Situation As noted by the 2007 CEO of Grill’d, Simon Crowe, the company mainly appeals to a wide spectrum of customers, being the primary targeted market as people between the ages of 21 and 28. Quite specifically, this generation highly particular about fast food and are becoming greatly familiar with fast food concept, but are health conscious too. Grill’d is targeting this generation since they want food that is adult-oriented with a concept of ‘f un-food designs’ and they expect it from reliable brand (The Australian, 2007). A target market comprises of set of buyers who share common needs, characteristics or features that the marketer decides to serve them (Armstrong and Kotler, 2005, p. 199). Buyers have unique needs and wants that the company target them with certain product or service

The Solutions And Effects To Prison Overcrowding Criminology Essay

The Solutions And Effects To Prison Overcrowding Criminology Essay The purpose of this paper is to look at the overcrowded prisons that are plaguing the U.S. The prison system that we have is constantly evolving, but seems to circulate through the same prison philosophies. An overcrowded prison does not lend itself to a productive environment for inmates. Many would not care about the environment that the inmates encounter as they feel the inmate has brought this upon himself through his deviant behavior, however not all inmates will stay in prison forever. We will examine some possible solution to curb the overcrowding that is prevalent in prisons today. Solutions to Prison Overcrowding Prison overcrowding has been a problem that has plagued the U.S. prison system since its inception. The solution to this problem for many has been to build more prisons to house the additional prisoners that have been sentenced there. Those who advocate building additional prisons fail to look at what is behind the overcrowding in the first place. Research has found that crime rates are decreasing. It has also shown that prison populations are increasing. Much like the Kevin Costner movie Field of Dreams with the infamous quote, If you build it, they will come that by building more prisons, we will only seek to put more prisoners into them. To fully understand our current overcrowding issue, we must look at the history of the U.S. prison systems and the philosophies that drove them. Then we must look at the sentencing practices that have increased the number of inmates that are incarcerated. This will include the truth-in sentencing laws, the impact of the war on drugs and the enforcement and the increasing of the length of prison terms for certain offenses. We will also take a look at the cost of building a prison and the daily costs of housing an inmate. Then we will look at solutions for reducing prison populations which include rehabilitation and the release of aged offenders and inmates with minor offenses. The U.S. derived many of its ideas about the prison system from England. In the Middle Ages, prisons were used for housing criminals as well as debtors. Juvenile delinquents also began to be housed in prisons. As prisons developed and emerged, the purpose of them changed as well. Drawing from the ideas presented in Essays on Crimes and Punishment by Cesare Beccaria in 1764 a move towards less physical punishment for crimes was made. Beccaria was also responsible for the idea that a punishment should be severe enough to deter crime, but not too extreme. In 1557, England began the use of workhouses. Initially, they were to remove the homeless and vagrants from the streets during the day. During this time, many believed that most criminals were lazy and committed crimes as a result of that. This allowed inmates to work, however they did not learn any useful skills and were not kept in the workhouses overnight. In 1790, the Quakers from Pennsylvania reformed the Walnut Street jail into a prison. The Quakers drew from their religious background and sought to use the prison as a place for an inmate to perform a penance and to make amends for their actions against society. Also, known as the Pennsylvania System, the prison layout allowed for solitary cells. The inmate was placed in the cell, so that they could think about their actions and gain remorse. Work was completed in the cells as well, so the interaction with others was limited to an hour of exercise a day. Although the prison sought to reform the inmates through solitary work, some prisoners could not handle the solitary times and reform did not occur. There was also a high cost involved in maintaining this type of prison. In an effort to improve the prisons, the Mass Prison Era was implemented in 1825. Also known as the Auburn system after the first facility in Auburn, NY, this prison featured areas where inmates worked in groups. However, prisoners still maintained solitary cells when they were not working. When in work groups, silence was enforced. This was done through corporal punishment to maintain order and obedience as well as a strong code of silence at all times. The Auburn prison was also the first to experiment with solitary confinement as a punishment for not following the rules of the prison. One huge difference which produced negative results when compared with the Pennsylvania system is that inmates were not allowed any exercise and they were not given any work to complete. In this system, many inmates went insane, were suicidal and classified as unfit for re-entry into society. Unhappy with their current prison system, The Reformatory Era was developed next. This was the first to introduce the concept of indeterminate prison sentences in the U.S.. This concept came from two European counterparts. The first leader who emerged during this time was Captain Alexander Maconochie who was a warden at Norfolk Island, a prison off the coast of Australia. Maconochie was alarmed at the condition of the prison and sought to reform it. He developed a system where prisoners could earn an earlier freedom with good behavior. Ultimately, it placed the inmates freedom in the hands of that inmate. This was the introduction of the concept of indeterminate sentencing. Another leader during the Reform Era was Sir Walter Crofton who was aware of Maconochies progress and adapted it to the Irish Prison system. Crofton was able to set up a four stage system. In the first stage, prisoners stayed at Mountjoy Prison in Dublin. They were restricted in their activities and movement. In the second stage, they were in Spike Island where they were to begin work. In the third stage, the prisoners were placed in the community on public-service projects. The fourth stage was called the ticket of leave where inmates were allowed to live and work in the community under mild supervision. The response to this was positive until there was an increase in crime which resulted in longer sentences. Crofton did not have the citizens support and could not keep it up. Back in the United States, the indeterminate sentence was introduced by Gaylord Hubbell who was impressed by the Irish Prison system. The indeterminate sentencing was started with approval from The New York Prison Association. Hubbell worked to implement the reformatory practice where prisoners who showed themselves as reformed could earn an earlier release. There were criteria that needed to be met in order to qualify for the indeterminate sentencing: the offender had to be between 16 and 30 years old and it had to be his first offense. Unfortunately, the reform prison era did not last too long as offenders would reoffend. Similar to Ireland, society was not willing to risk the higher crime rates and did not lend its support. It still was the basis for many of the ideas that we hold regarding parole, training and education today. As well as emphasizing the reform of a prisoner over the punishment of a prisoner. In 1890, the Industrial Prison era was sparked. This era brought to light an option to profit from the increasing prison population. There were several systems that utilized inmate work to bring an income into the prison system. The inmate labor systems were: contract system, lease system, piece-price system, state- use system, public-account system and public works system. In contract system, labor was contracted out to private businesses through the prison. Work took place in the prisons, but supplies were provided by the private businesses. In lease system, inmates were taken out of the prison facility and leased out to a private contractor for the day. Piece-price system was similar to the contract system, but inmates produced products that were sold to private businesses. The state-use system had inmates producing products for state offices. The public-account system was a combination of contract, piece-price and state-use systems where inmates produced, managed and sold product s in the free market that was fully run by the prison. Finally, the public-works system had inmates working on roads, highways, cleaning public areas like parks, and restoring other building in the community under the supervision of prison officials. During this time, inmates produced furniture, clothing, cleaning products and other items. The Prison Industry Era was running quite smoothly and making a substantial profit until workers from society like mechanics complained that inmates were taking over their jobs and with cheaper labor. Workers could not compete with them and felt it was unfair. These protests lead to the Ashurst-Summers Act of 1935 where Federal legislation which specifically prohibited the interstate transportation and sale of prison goods where state laws forbade them. (Schmalleger, 2007). This limited the sale of inmate produced products. In conjunction with the Depression, the once profitable Prison Industry ended. The Prison Industries Era lasted for over 40 years and was followed by the Punitive Era. The focus moved back to an age of confinement where the prisoner was to be locked away for their crimes. During this time, larger maximum security facilities were built like Alcatraz. Prisoners who were released from these types of facilities did not receive any education, valuable skills or treatment. The rate of recidivism was high. Luckily, this type of prison systems only lasted about 10 years. The Treatment Era began in 1945. This era relied on treating the inmates like patients versus inmates. Based on a medical model where a therapeutic perspective on correctional treatment that applies the diagnostic perspective of medical science to the handling of criminal offenders. (Schmalleger, 2007) One-on-one therapy was introduced as well as group therapy helped to get an understanding of the emotional and psychological reasoning for crime. There were drawbacks of this era, too. Some inmates fought against being forced to participate in these programs. Prison guards were not properly trained in how the medical model functioned and were also not trained in how to handle the inmates. In 1967, the Community-based Era arrived. In this era, prisons were again faced with overcrowding and coming off of the medical model with the optimistic view that inmates could be rehabilitated. This time they would move them back into the communities where they had committed their crimes to serve their time. The belief was that inmates would not be able to fully rehabilitate in a prison setting. The halfway house was reintroduced and gave the inmates the opportunity to work and reside in the community while being watched at the same time. However, lack of programs caused the inmates to be returned to society the same as they were before committing their crimes. The U.S. watched as recidivism rates and prison populations soared as they entered into the Warehousing Era. Deterred by the crimes that were committed by those inmates who were on work-release or residing in a halfway house, the U.S. decided to limit the liberties that the inmates had once enjoyed. The Warehousing focused on imprisonment for inmates to remove them from society to avoid the possibility of further crimes being committed. In 1970, a new treatment model emerged call the nothing works doctrine which was popularized by Robert Martinson that correctional treatment programs have had little success in rehabilitating offenders. (Schmalleger, 2007). This doctrine helped to implement the mandatory minimum sentencing provision and truth-in sentencing requirements. Calls for truth-in sentencing occurred when the average inmate was serving one third of their time that was handed out by the judge at sentencing. Victims and other citizens were dismayed to learn that the full sentence was not being fulfilled. In the 1990s another popular law was developed called the three strikes and youre out in California and was soon adopted by many other states. The premise for the three strikes law is that if someone was to commit a felony three different times, then the only option was to sentence them to life in prison without the possibility of parole. This has also contributed to a dramatic increase in prison populations. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 1985 there were approximately 550,000 inmates in the U.S. prison and this figure jumped to 1,400,000 by 1995 (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2011) Opponents of this law argue that this law costs too much with the increased number of inmates, that it unfairly targets minority offenders, does not help to decrease crime and that not all who were convicted under the three strikes law were convicted of serious, violent crimes. Besides the sentencing guidelines, there was also a war on drugs that was taking place. Sentences for drug-related offenses became more severe and more of the sentence that was handed out by a judge was actually being served. The current era that we are in is the Just Desserts Era which started in 1995. Prisons had now become essentially warehouses for inmates who were receiving longer sentences for the same crime. Rehabilitation was not working, so the inmates are essentially being held. When we look at the past prison systems of the U.S., it is important to look at the goals that each of the systems advocated. Starting with the Penitentiary Era the focus was on rehabilitation and deterrence. The Quakers utilized their religious belief that time alone would lead a person to become remorseful for their actions. The Mass Prison system focused on deterrence as well as incapacitation. The Reformatory Era was focused on rehabilitation. The Industrial Era reverted back to incapacitation and restoration. The philosophy of retribution was strong in the Punitive Era. Not surprisingly, the Treatment Eras philosophy was on rehabilitation. In addition to rehabilitation, the Community-based Era also looked at restoration. The Warehousing Era looked at incapacitation. Finally, the Just Desserts Era looks at retribution, incapacitation and deterrence. The task before us is to find the right balance for todays society of rehabilitation, retribution and deterrence to decrease our pri son populations. One strategy to reduce or stop the increase in our prison populations comes from the sentencing phase. It is important to know the different goals of sentencing. They are: incapacitation, retribution, deterrence, rehabilitation, vindication, and punishment. In incapacitation, the offender is sentenced to a prison with the goal of not allowing them to commit further crimes. In retribution, which was popular in the early ages of history, the goal is to seek revenge against the offender. An example of this is the eye for an eye mentality. Deterrence refers to stopping criminal behavior and there are two types: general and specific. General deterrence refers to the ability stop the criminal behavior by the public. An example, would be watching someone getting their hand cut off for stealing. The hope is that it serves a general deterrent to the public to not commit that crime as you have seen what happens to a person when they commit that crime. In specific deterrence refers to the offen der specifically in order to stop them from committing that crime again. Rehabilitation is means to change a persons behavior, so that they no longer commit criminal acts. Vindication refers to the making and enforcing of the law and punishment that goes along with a criminal act. Finally, punishment is the punishment of an offender fairly and equally. The consequences of the punishment for the offender are not taken into consideration. Currently, the determinate sentence law is used throughout the U.S. This started when the government and citizens gave up on the idea of rehabilitating prisoners. Its goals were to have a punishment in proportion to the crime and eliminate the disparity in the prison terms. There are three levels of a term that is ordered by a judge depending on the facts of the case. The terms are called: presumptive, aggravated and mitigated. Presumptive terms are the middle of the road terms. In an aggravated term, there may things that occurred that made the crime a little more severe when compared with similar crimes. In a mitigated term, the offender may have had a limited role in the crime or the crime was not as severe. Another caveat in determinate sentence law is that there is typically not any parole. Once the inmate has served their time, they are released automatically. Also, inmates may work to earn days off their sentence. Prior to 1970, the indeterminate sentencing law was used. This law felt that rehabilitating inmates was the number one priority. Known for parole which released inmates into the community after part of their time was served in prison, indeterminate sentence law failed in the successful rehabilitation of the inmate. In indeterminate sentence law, judges were handing out a minimum and maximum time for a sentence. Then a parole board would complete an annual review of the inmate to determine if they were ready for release. The process was not consistent which caused many to become upset with the unfairness. Another important factor to consider is what do we hope to achieve with those individuals who have proven that they are not able to follow the rules of society? If our goals come from retribution, then we are not looking at deterrence, reformation and economic considerations. We are only looking at public safety. If our goal is to rehabilitate, then will we risk public safety in releasing supposed rehabilitated inmates. While we have increased our prison capacity we have also increased our prison populations. We have now learned that we cannot hold all these inmates as our prison are becoming overcrowded which is unsafe for the prison guards and staff who run them as well as to the inmates who reside in them. One major contributor to the increasing population is the mandatory drug laws. It is not uncommon to find stories of inmates who received a mandatory minimum sentence for their minimal parts in drug offenses. According to Family Against Mandatory Minimums, there are many stories those affected by the strict sentencing laws that were created during the war on drugs. Here is one of them: Stephanie dated several men who were involved in selling drugs. At times, they would help Stephanie support her family. In exchange, she occasionally delivered and sold drugs and took messages for them. On October 26, 1993, police arrested Stephanie after she was found sitting on the front porch of a house next to a bag that contained cocaine residue. She confessed she had crack in her possession and surrendered it to the officers. She received probation. On November 10, several weeks after her arrest, police sent a confidential informant (CI) to make a controlled drug buy from Stephanie. On November 15, the CI purchased two crack rocks for $120. On December 8, the CI bought $40 worth of crack from Stephanie and several codefendants. After this final controlled buy, officers searched Stephanies residence and found four pieces of crack cocaine and drug paraphernalia. Stephanie was fined and sentenced to nine months in jail. Nearly three years later on August 16, 1996, police raided Stephanies residence after a CI reported that he had seen crack in the house.   Officers found 500 grams of powder cocaine and $13,710 in an attic safe belonging to Stephanies former boyfriend, Michael. In the master bedroom, police found utensils that tested positive for drug residue. Michael had the key to the safe, along with $797 in cash in his pants pocket. He confessed to police that the money, the cocaine and the paraphernalia belonged to him and that the $797 was from 500 grams of crack he had already sold. Later, Michael would testify that he paid Stephanie to let him reside and store crack at her house. At the time of her arrest, Stephanie had no cash, no bank account and owned no other property besides her car, valued at $2,500. She depended on food stamps and welfare to provide for her children. Stephanie went to trial. She was held accountable for 500 grams of powder cocaine found in the attic safe as well as 500 grams of crack that Michael said he sold.   Several of Stephanies codefendants who dealt drugs with Michael testified against her. Because of their uncorroborated testimony, Stephanie was held accountable for an additional 290 grams of crack, for a total of 1,290 grams (about 2.84 pounds). Stephanie received a sentence enhancement for obstruction of justice because she testified that she had no knowledge of and did not participate in Michaels drug activity.   Because of her 1993 drug offenses, Stephanie was categorized as a career criminal, an enhancement which mandates a life sentence. Despite his objections, Judge Roger Vinson was forced to sentence 26-year-old Stephanie to life in prison without parole.    At sentencing, Judge Vinson said to prosecutors: Theres no question that Ms. George deserved to be punished.   The only question is whether it should be a mandatory life sentence I wish I had another alternative. He told Stephanie, Even though you have been involved in drugs and drug dealing for a number of years your role has basically been as a girlfriend and bag holder and money holder.   So certainly, in my judgment, it doesnt warrant a life sentence. Stephanie received the longest sentence of any of her five codefendants. Over a decade ago, the young mother of three was led out of the courtroom quietly crying. She has now been incarcerated for over 14 years. Her children have grown up without her and her older relatives have aged and passed away. Stephanie has been a model prisoner, actively participating in vocational and educational training and working hard at her prison job. She has completed drug treatment and is sober. Unfortunately, the mandatory minimum life sentence prevents Stephanie from ever having another chance (Families Against Mandatory Minimums, 2011). Stories like Stephanies are not uncommon. Like the judge stated Stephanie needed to be punished for her actions, however it seemed extreme to be sentenced to life in prison for such a minimal role. In many of these cases, the person who was more invested in the illegal activities seems to get away with less time in prison as they were able to make deals with the prosecution. The reason that this occurs is that the person with the most information is in a better position to help prosecutors out and may bargain smaller time in prison for themselves while the person who may have had the smaller role is left holding the bag. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics from a report in 2009, crime rates have remained the same or decreased since 1994 in areas of rape, burglary, property crimes, robbery, motor vehicle theft, and homicide (Bureau of Justice Statistics, 2011) In contrast, the number of inmates in the corrections system which include probation, prison, jail or parole, has increased. The trend remains that prison populations are slowly increasing as well. In 2009, the FBIs Uniform Crime Report (UCR) reported a 1.9 percent decline in violent crimes and a 0.8 percent decline in property crimes reported in 2008. This drop in crime came at a time when the prison and jail growth rates fell from previous years (2008). This data shows that while crime rates were decreasing in contrast the incarceration rates had increased. There should also be guidelines when determining who should be sentenced to prison instead of community service orders. A person should be sentenced to prison or jail if any lesser punishment would depreciate the seriousness of the crime that was committed, imprisonment is needed in order to deter them from crime, and if the person has had other sanctions applied to them. The cost of building a new prison is rather staggering. The estimated cost to build a new prison is $250 million and another $45 million a year to run it. In todays economy, it would be unwise to not consider economical factors when debating the construction of new prisons. It is not a mystery that a majority of inmates that were sentenced to prison will one day be released back into society. It is important to remember that once a person has spent time in prison, the chances that he will return are quite high. In a two year time frame, it was found that 70% of inmates committed another offense and were returned to prison. Since we know that many of these offenders will be returning to society (some for a shorter amount of time than others), it is important to ensure that are prisons provide inmates with opportunities. One opportunity that is a win-win situation for all is prison industries. Federal Prison Industries (FPI) emerged during the Prison Industries Era, but was limited by the Ashurst Sanders Act. Today prison industries are in place making license plates, office furniture and other items. However, they are limited as to who they may sell things to. This seems to be a resource that is not fully appreciated. If we were to implement additional trades to provide inmates with some skill upon leaving the prison system, then they would be better able to make the transition into society. Many inmates have an 8th grade education. If they were appropriately trained, they would be able to pay compensation to the victim of their crime, assist in supporting their family while in prison and build confidence in knowing that they have a skill that would allow them to work on the outside. Some examples of valuable skills would be to teach welding skills, automotive skills, electrical skills, farming techniques and other technical skills. Also, the profit that the prison industry makes could go to costs of running the prison facilities, provide education to the inmates, and other rehabilitative programs. There are those that against the prison industries who say that the inmates are being paid unfair wages, however the inmate is currently being housed, fed and clothed which are huge expenditures by a citizen out in society. It appears to balance out. There are others who dont think that the skills being taught are not useful; however it is a skill that they did not have prior to arriving at prison. It also gives the inmate something to do while incarcerated. Boredom in a prison is not a good thing; it could lead to violence and riots. Lets look at some other solutions or alternatives to building additional prisons. It is clear that in order to avoid building new prisons, the inmate population will need to either decrease or remain the same. An alternative to imprisonment would be day fines. Day fines are successfully being collected in both Germany and Sweden. The day fine process has two steps. First, you need to consider the severity of the crime. For example, the more serious the crime the higher the fine will be. Second, you need to look at the income of the offender. Currently, in the U.S. day fines have not completely caught on. Many times, day fines are not enforced or collected. This is the result of fines handed out that a lower income person could not afford, so they dont put utilize resources in collecting them. The day fine could be used as a better deterrent for someone who is rich as they would feel it the same as a person who does not make as much. For example, if you get a $500 speeding ticket and you are someone like Paris Hilton that will not really deter you from speeding again. Now if the fine was raised to $50,000, it could deter you from speeding in the future. An idea that stirs up great controversy is the release of inmates prior to the term deemed by a judge. However, we should remember the war on drugs and many of the sentences set forth by the judge were mandated to the judge. There are many cases where judges at the sentencing stated their unhappiness with being bound to the sentence. Discretion should be given to judge when making sentences, so that the punishment is fitting to the crime. The judge is present at the trial and has access to the pre-sentence report. Having seen the full picture, the judge should be able to hand out the best sentence for the offender. The mandatory minimum sentence law should be replaced with flexible guidelines. We should also look at the idea that not all who are convicted of a crime should go to prison. There are other alternative besides sending someone to prison for committing crimes. These are often cheaper when compared with housing an inmate in a correctional facility. According to the state of Georgia, it costs $28,936 a year for a minimum security prison to house an inmate compared with $1,434 for an offender with intensive probation (FY2009 Costs of Adult Offender Sanctions, 2008). Community corrections is the when punishment involves more community supervision and activities and less confinement. Probation is one of the most commonly used sentences that are applied. There are two types: general and specific. General probation is just that, these are the rules that many offenders must abide by. They direct that the offender must obey all laws, stay within the jurisdiction of the courts, stay employed, allow access to their homes by a probation officer or police officer and not be i n the possession of a firearm. In specific probation, the judge may add specific limitations and rules that pertain specifically to that offender. For example, if the offense was drug-related perhaps mandate drug tests and rehabilitation programs in addition to the general probation guidelines. Intermediate sanctions or alternative sentencing strategies are sentencing alternatives that cover a variety of options. Split sentencing is usually completed in a jail versus a prison. Then there is shock probation where the offender is sentenced to prison, but serves only a short amount of time, they are then released with probation. The goal of this is to surprise the inmate with a shorter prison term. Shock incarceration has the offender in a boot camp like setting for about 90-180 days to shock the inmate into better behavior. It is more commonly used for young offenders and first time offenders. Community service is a common punishment where the offender must dedicate some of their time to a community organization. Some pick up trash on the side of the road or volunteer in soup kitchens; this is usually reserved for minor offenses. Home confinement is another alternative to prisons. This is beneficial as it allows the offender to remain in his community, has the ability to keep his employment, and with his family. They utilize an ankle bracelet which is equipped with GPS to know the location of the offender. This is easily monitored 24 hours a day. Some monitoring devices are able to detect alcohol in the offenders system which would be useful in settings where alcohol or drug use was forbidden. Today satellites assist with detecting the location of the offender. This technology is constantly evolving and is sure to develop some other useful tools in monitoring large amounts of offenders. These are also done at a lower cost compared with incarceration. The Irish System that was created by Sir Walter Crofton is a good basis for the parole system. Under this system, inmates would be able to demonstrate that they have changed their behavior and are ready to enter back into society. It would be a system where they would have to work to be able to move into the next level and are rewarded with additional freedoms. Communities would benefit from the free labor that they receive from inmates through their trash pick-up and the fixing of buildings that are in disrepair. The ticket of leave inmates could be monitored with ankle bracelets which posse